明喻暗喻类比拟人.pptVIP

用the way或that引导 E.g. The best work is done the way ants do things---by tiny, tireless and regular additions. 最好的作品都是像蚂蚁干活那样完成的---通过点滴、不懈、经常不断的增补而成。 You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him. 你把钱借给他好比/还不如把钱扔进海里。 5.1.3 Three main uses of simile 1、Descriptive（描述） 2、Illuminative （阐释，启发） 3、Illustrative（解释，说明） Descriptive A good descriptive simile can draw sharper pictures in the and with much more brevity. P173(6) Illuminative The illuminative simile tries to give deeper insight into persons, things, ideas, even problems, through suggestive association; to throw light, as it were, onto what would otherwise be inconceivable to ordinary people. P174(8)(11) Illustrative The illustrative simile is to explain abstract or complicated ideas or processes in simple, concrete imagery. P176(12) 5.2 Mataphor 5.2.1 Definition A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. E.g. The world is a stage. 明喻与暗喻的区别： 明喻常用“似”“像”之类的比喻词，但暗喻则绝对不能用这一类比喻词 明喻中的本体与喻体一定同时出现在句子中，但暗喻的本体和喻体可同时出现，或本体隐去，或喻体隐去。 E.g. Some books are to be tasted, other to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 明喻是“相类”关系，即只是客观比较，是人的一种认识。 暗喻是“相合”关系，即是一种主观上带有内涵意义的融合，是人的审美能力与艺术想象力的再现。 ---陈望道《修辞学发凡》 E.g. 女人像花 （女人是女人，花是花，各有所指） 女人是花（女人与花不再分指，而是在美丽这一内涵上合二为一） 5.2.2 Patterns of Metaphor(源自李亚丹） 基本格式 X be Y. Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是往桶里倒水，而是把火点燃。 除了系动词外，还可用get, become, 等 The individual drops of rain become an army marching over fields and rooftops. 并列式 本体喻体各自成句 Fire proves gold, adversity proves men。 金从火中锻炼出来，人从忧患中磨练出来 In water you may see your face, in wine, the heart of another. 修饰式 用定语和中心词之间的限定关系打比方 The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. 自由之树必须时常用爱国者和暴虐者的血