谈判的要素西和种类.pptVIP

NEGOTIATING Negotiating means taking action in order to achieve a situation acceptable to both parties. A negotiation is a meeting between two parties, and the objective is to reach an agreement over issues which: are important in both parties’ views may involve conflict between the parties need both parties to work together to achieve their objective ★ 管理者的世界是张谈判桌 ★ 谈判动力：需要和需要的满足 谈判的要素和种类 谈判策略 谈判技巧 第一节 谈判的要素和种类 一、谈判活动的基本要素 ■ 谈判主体 (参与谈判的当事人) ■ 谈判客体 (谈判的议题及内容) ■ 谈判目的 ■ 谈判结果 CHECKLIST: Negotiating Objectives What are our objectives? What outcomes do we want? Are our objectives specific, timed, and measurable? Do we have a fall-back position? If we were in their shoes, what would our position be? Do we know their objectives? If not, how can we find out? What demands are they likely to make? What concessions are we likely to have to give? Do they know our objectives? Our fall-back position? How much room for manoeuvre is there between our two positions? How strongly are we committed to our objectives as a negotiating team? As representatives, how strongly are our constituents behind us? What is the best outcome we can realistically hope for? The worst we would be prepared to settle for? 二、谈判的种类  ■ 对抗性谈判 (“零和”谈判，竞争性谈判)  ■ 合作性谈判 (“双赢”谈判 ) 表5．1 对抗性谈判与合作性谈判比较 表5．2 对抗性谈判与合作性谈判中的谈判者比较 ★ 背景 · 谈判的具体内容 · 谈判对方的经历、经验、能力等有关知识 · 对方的需要 · 谈判时间 · 谈判地点 目标 · 我们的目的是什么 · 所期望最佳结果 · 可接受的最坏结果 ★ 优势与不足  · 我们的优势——技术、价格、经验时间等 · 我们的劣势——技术、价格、经验时间等 · 我们对对方的优势、劣势分析 “知己知彼” 第二节 谈判策略 一、互利型谈判策略 ◆ 精诚所至 ◆ 充分假设 ◆ 润滑剂策略 ◆ 游刃有余 ◆ 把握契机 二、我方有利型谈判策略 ◆ 最后期限法 ◆ 声东击西 ◆ 疲劳策略 ◆ 得寸进尺 ◆ 既成事实 三、讨价还价策略 投石问路 常用的“石头”有： (1)如果我们与你们签订为期两年的合同，你们的价格优惠是多少? (2)如果我们采取现金支付和采用分期付款的形式；你们的产品价格会有什么差别? (3)我们有意购买你们其他系列的产品，能否在价格上再优惠些？ (4)如果我们要求你们培训技术人员，你们可否按现价出售这套设备？ (5)如果我们要求对原产品有所变动，价格上是否有变化?  三、讨价还价策略 有取舍的让步 (1)不作无谓