适用于_海绵城市_水文水力模型概述_蔡凌豪.pdf

Digital Landscape Architecture / Special 中图分类号：TU986 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-1530 （2016）02-0033-11 DOI ：10.14085/j.fjyl.2016.02.0033.11 收稿日期：2015-11-17 修回日期：2016-02-05 适用于“海绵城市”的水文水力模型概述 Introduction of Hydrological and Hydraulic Models for “Sponge City” 蔡凌豪 CAI Ling-hao 摘要： 当下中国正面临着从城市内涝到水资源水生态乃至整体生境的多重危机，为了应对危机，海绵城市的理论和建设得到了空前的重视。水文水力模型是海绵 城市建设的重要技术保障。讨论了海绵城市的内涵和层级结构，以及水文模型对海绵城市建设的重要意义。从流域、河流、城镇和海绵单元 4 个层级对适用于海 绵城市的水文模型进行了分类图解，简要概括了各个模型的基本功能、适用范围和在中国国内的研究实践状况以及局限性，并认为水文水力模型的应用对于提高 风景园林学科的科学性有着重要的价值。 关键词：海绵城市；雨洪管理；绿色雨水基础设施；水文模型；低影响开发；最佳管理措施 Abstract: China now is facing multiple water crises including urban water logging, the water environment and ecology threat, even the overall ecological system hazards. In order to treat with the crises, theory and construction of “sponge city” has been brought forward. Hydrologic and hydraulic model is an important technique support to build “sponge city”. In this paper, we will explore the meaning and hierarchy of “sponge city”, as well as the importance of hydrological models and hydraulic models. From four levels including watershed, river, urban and “sponge composition”, hydrological models and hydraulic models for “sponge city” are classified and diagramed. The paper then briefly summarizes the basic function of each model, the scope of practice and research in China and their limitations. At the last part, we will discuss the value of uti