专业外语全部黄韶炯(1)..doc

Unit 8 Clutch 第八课离合器 The engine produces the power to drive the vehicle. The drive line or drive train transfers the power of the engine to the wheels. The drive train consists of the parts from the back of the flywheel to the wheels. These parts include the clutch, the transmission, the drive shaft, and the final drive assembly. 发动机产生动力来驱动汽车。传动系(drive line，drive train)将发动机的功率传给车轮。传动系统由从飞轮后部到车轮的部件组成。这些部件包括离合器，变速器，驱动轴和主减速器（final drive）总成。 The clutch which includes the flywheel, clutch disc，pressure plate，springs, cover and the linkage necessary to operate the clutch is a rotating mechanism between the engine and the transmission. 离合器是位于发动机和变速器之间的一个旋转装置，它包括飞轮，离合器磨擦片，压盘，压紧弹簧，离合器盖及操作离合器所需的连接杆件等。 It operates through friction which comes from contact between the parts. That is the reason why the clutch is called a friction mechanism. After engagement, the clutch must continue to transmit all the engine torque to the transmission depending on the friction without slippage． 离合器通过上述部件之间的磨擦接触工作，这就是离合器被称作磨擦机械装置的原因。离合器接合后，它必须可以持续地依靠磨擦将发动机产生的全部转矩传递给变速器，并且不处于打滑（滑磨）状态。 The clutch is also used to disengage the engine from the drive train whenever the gears in the transmission are being shifted from one gear ratio to another. 当变速器从一个档位切换到另一个档位时，此时离合器也被用来中断传动系的功率。 To start the engine or shift the gears, the driver has to depress the clutch pedal with the purpose of disengagement the transmission from the engine. At that time, the driven members connected to the transmission input shaft are either stationary or rotating at a speed that is slower or faster than the driving members connected to the engine crankshaft . 为了起动发动机或换档，驾驶员必须踩下离合器踏板以便实现变速器和发动机的分离。此时，与变速器输入轴相联的离合器从动件可能处于静止状态，也可能以一定的速度旋转，这一速度可能高于或低于与发动机相联的离合器主动件的旋转速度。 There is no spring pressure on the clutch assembly parts. So there is no friction between the driving members and driven members. 此时离合器主动件和从动件之间没有弹簧压力，因此两者之间没有磨擦。 As the driver lets loose the clutch pedal, spring pressure increases on the clutch parts. Friction b