水泵系统节能培训.ppt

* Why do the two pumps have such different shaped performance curves? Because they were designed for different applications. Pump 1 is a single suction, 2 vane impeller, designed for use in waste water applications; it is capable of passing a 4-inch ball. Pump 2 is a double suction, 5 vane impeller, designed for operation with clean water (used in a tower water application). These differences are largely responsible for the difference in maximum efficiency. But note that the Pump 1 efficiency curve is generally flatter over the range from 500 to 1000 m3/hr; also note that its head curve is almost linear and its bhp curve is constantly rising. The difference in these performance characteristics are also the result of differences in the intended use (and thus design). * * * * * * * * * By just looking at the terms in this equation, we can quickly identify some relationships between frictional pressure drops and the other parameters: Double the: Effect on pressure drop friction factor, f Doubled length, L Doubled pipe diameter, d Halved fluid velocity, V Quadrupled velocity head, V2/2g Doubled But note that some of these parameters are interrelated, and that certain changes can be extremely significant. For example, assume that the volumetric/mass flow rate must remain constant. If the diameter of the pipe is doubled, the area is quadrupled. The velocity thus goes down by a factor of four to maintain the same volumetric flow rate. The velocity head term, V2/2g, is thus 1/16 of what it was for the original case. That fact, plus the diameters presence in the denominator, results in the head loss being multiplied by 1/(25), or 1/32*! This effect is particularly significant in regards to the buildup of foreign material, such as mussels, on pipe walls. A 10% reduction in diameter would thus cause almost a 70% increase in friction loss. By the way, Henry Darcy was a French engineer who did pipe-flow experiments in 1857 on the effects of pipe roughness