中考被动语态精品PPT.pptVIP

语态 十二、语态 考点一 被动语态的应用 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态（某人做某事）；当主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态（某事被某人做）。 一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结构 例句 一般现在时： 主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时： 主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998. 我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时： 主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 现在进行时： 主语+am/is/are +being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时： 主语+was/were +being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 结构 例句 现在完成时： 主语+has/have +been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时： 主语+had +been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这儿之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时：主语+should/ would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America. 安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here. 这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 二、主动语态变被动语态的方法 第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，应把宾格变为主格。 第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。第四步：把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变为宾格。 考点二 被动语态的几种特殊形式 1. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。例如： We saw an alien get out of the UFO. → An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 【温馨提示】 后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾补部分不变。 对比：We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. → Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 2. 谓语动词后接双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）时， （1）把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。例如： He gave me a new book. ↓ ↓ 间接宾语 直接宾语 →I was given a new book by him. (2)把直接宾语变主语，间接宾语不变。例如： He gave me a new book. ↓ ↓ 间接宾语 直接宾语 →A new book was given to me by him. 3. 句中谓语是动词短语时，变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。Jack turned on the TV just now. →The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 4. 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只须把宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语仍保留在原处，作主语补足语。例如：Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. →We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher. 5. 主动表被动 (1) feel, look,