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Development of chloroplasts Chlamydomas DNA结合蛋白可抑制线粒体DNA的下调 Mode of Cytoplasmic Inheritance in 295 Angiosperms Why maternal and why biparental? r Digestion of sperm mitochondria in the zygote. Ubiquitination of male mitochondria: Ubiquitinated prohibitin as a proteolytic marker From Thompson et al. 2003 Conclusion It is not the smallness of sperm cell that determines maternal inheritance; The relative inputs of sperm and egg mtDNA are critical for mitochondrial inheritance; An ubiquitin-mediated degeneration of sperm mitochondria is suggested to act as a trigger for maternal inheritance.