International-Ocean-Transportation国际海洋运输.pptVIP

International Ocean Transportation International Ocean Transportation Types of Service Size of Vessels Types of Vessels Flag Conferences Liability Conventions Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers Security Requirements International Ocean Transportation Types of Service Size of Vessels Types of Vessels Flag Conferences Liability Conventions Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers Security Requirements Types of Service Liner ships Operate on a pre-established schedule with determined ports of call Tramp ships Operate wherever the market dictates International Ocean Transportation Types of Service Size of Vessels Types of Vessels Flag Conferences Liability Conventions Non-Vessel-Operating Common Carriers Security Requirements Size of Vessels Dead-weight tonnage Definition The maximum weight that a ship can carry Since the ship also carries bunker and stores, the maximum weight that a ship can actually carry is lower than its dead-weight tonnage. Total capacity of ship expressed in long tons (2,240 pounds), or metric tons (2,204.6 pounds). The amount of fuel that a ship carries on board and that it needs to travel, called the bunker, nor its supplies, called the ship’s stores. Size of Vessels Gross and Net Tonnage Gross Tonnage The total volume of a ship’s carrying capacity, measured as the space available below deck, and expressed in hundreds of cubic feet. The Gross Tonnage is the basis upon which ships pay taxes or pay fees to transit through a canal. Only measures capacity below deck. Net Tonnage Obtained by subtracting the volume occupied by the engine room and the spaces necessary for the operation of the ship (crew quarters, bridge) from the gross registered tonnage. Size of Vessels Displacement Displacement tonnage The total weight of the ship, when fully loaded, measured by using the weight of the water being displaced. Light tonnage The total weight of the ship, when empty, measured by using the weight of the water being displaced. Size of Ves