基于GIS的山西省朔州市水土流失强度评价研究-自然地理学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 水土流失是全球性的生态环境问题，水土流失不仅使土壤质量不断下 降，而且造成河湖淤塞，甚至引起特大洪涝灾害。山西省朔州市位于我国 五大水蚀区之一的黄土高原水蚀区，本区水土流失以水力侵蚀为主。近年 来，由于人类活动强烈，水土流失有进一步加重的趋势。如何准确、快速 地查清水土流失现状，水土流失强度类型及其空间分布规律，从而为水土 流失治理和水保规划实施提供科学依据，同时也是土地开发与环境整治的 迫切需要，目前山西省朔州市在水土流失调查方法方面处于相对落后状态。 本研究采用基于 GIS 技术下的水土流失定量研究方法，以 ARCGIS 软 件为平台，以山西省朔州市为试验区，运用模糊综合评价方法进行了研究 区水土流失强度综合定量评价研究，实现了在 GIS 平台上 3S 的集成。 本论文首先应用各种遥感与非遥感数据建立了水土流失地理信息系 统，并进行了研究区水土流失现状分析。分析结果为：2002 年，全市水土 流失面积达 1.06 万平方公里，占全省水土流面积的 6.78%；微度、轻度水 土流失面积为 7986.37 平方公里，占全省相应水土流失面积的 8.16%，中度 类型以上水土流失面积为 2549.6 平方公里，占全省相应类型水土流失面积 的 5.88%。 在现状分析的基础上，根据课题组专家成员的建议以及各项数据的支 撑，建立山西省朔州市水土流失强度评价指标体系并确定了各指标权重。 在此基础上，运用模糊综合评价法对研究区进行水土流失强度综合评价， 并应用水土流失地理信息系统的制图功能获取山西省朔州市水土流失强度 综合评价图并进行评价结果分析。最后，本文在评价结果分析的基础上,对 研究区水土流失成因进行了深入分析，提出了恢复对策。 关键词: GIS; 水土流失强度； 评价； 朔州市; 山西省 Abstract Water and Soil loss is one of environment problems of global ecology. Aggravated water and Soil loss result in not only the descent of soil quality, but also silt of rivers lakes, and even more flood disaster. Shuozhou city of Shanxi province is located in one of the five water erosion areas in China——the Loess Plateau water erosion where water erosion is main soil erosion. In recent years, with human activities being frequent, the degree of water and Soil loss is getting worse. Therefore, how to investigate current situation of water and soil loss, the degree types of water and soil loss and its spatial distribution rules, quickly and accurately so as to provide scientific base for the government of soil erosion as well as implement of soil and water conservation planning. it is urgent for land developping and the environment repairing .however, as for survey method of soil losses , Shuozhou city is at the relatively bottom of ShanXi province now. The thesis takes Shuozhou city as pilot area, evaluates the degree of soil erosion intensity by means of fuzzy synthesis evaluation etc, and realized 3S comprehensive integration on the ARCGIS software platform based on GIS methods. So, first, we establish th