竞争与性市场.pptVIP

WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET?什么是竞争性市场? A competitive market has many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker. 竞争性市场拥有许多买者和卖者,他们所交易的是相同的产品,因此每一个买者和卖者都是价格的接受者. Buyers and sellers must accept the price determined by the market. 买者和卖者必须接受市场决定的价格. The Meaning of Competition竞争的涵义 A perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: 一个完全竞争的市场具有下列特征: There are many buyers and sellers in the market. 市场上存在着许多买者和卖者 The goods offered by the various sellers are largely the same. 由各个不同的卖者所提供的商品在很大程度上是相同的。 Firms can freely enter or exit the market. 企业能够自由地进入和退出市场。 The Meaning of Competition竞争的涵义 As a result of its characteristics, the perfectly competitive market has the following outcomes: 作为其特征的结果，完全竞争市场具有下列结果： The actions of any single buyer or seller in the market have a negligible impact on the market price. 市场上任何单一的买者或卖者对市场价格的影响都是微不足道的。 Each buyer and seller takes the market price as given. 每一个买者或卖者把市场价格都看作是给定的。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争性企业的收益 Total revenue for a firm is the selling price times the quantity sold.企业的总收益是销售价格乘出售的数量 TR = (P ? Q) Total revenue is proportional to the amount of output. 总收益与产出数量成比例 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争性企业的收益 Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. 平均收益告诉我们一个企业从销售的典型单位中获取多少收益 Average revenue is total revenue divided by the quantity sold. 平均收益是总收益除销售数量 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争性企业的收益 In perfect competition, average revenue equals the price of the good.在完全竞争中，平均收益等于商品的价格。 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争性企业的收益 Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from an additional unit sold. 边际收益是来自新增一单位销售的总收益变化 MR =?TR/?Q For competitive firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. 对于竞争性企业来说，边际收益等于商品的价格。 Table 1 Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue for a Competitive Firm PROFIT MAXIMIZATION AND THE COMPETITIVE FIRM’S SUPPLY CURVE利润最大化与竞争性企业的供给曲线 The goal of a competitive firm is to maxim