四级翻译考点总结.pptVIP

四级翻译主要考点总结 1.虚拟语气 虚拟语气的含义 If I could rearrange the alphabet, I would put U and I together. 虚拟语气的两类三时 假设条件句：假想的情形。表示说话者一种主观愿望或态度。 事实相反句：表示与现在或过去某个事实相反的情形。 三时：即对三种时间（过去、现在、将来）进行虚拟 虚拟语气中两类三时的关系 将来：将来的情形还未发生，因而不可能成为一个事实，只表达说话人的假设、愿望。 现在：对现在的情形，既可能是事实，也可能是假设条件。因此，假设条件句和事实相反句适用于谈现在的情况。 过去：既然是过去了，那么谈到一切情况都已成既成事实，所以对过去虚拟表达的是一个与过去事实相反的情形。 例句 If I were to have time tomorrow, I would help him. (区别If I have time tomorrow, I would…..) If I were the president, I would make some changes. If I had had time yesterday, I would have helped him. 虚拟语气的形式 过去 现在 将来 从句 主句 Had+done/been would (could, should..) +have done/been Were/did would (could, should..) +do Were to /should would (could, should..) +do 汉译英标志：“本….” “本不该……” “要是/要不是……” “早知道….我就…” 混合虚拟 主句对现在虚拟，从句对过去虚拟 主句对过去虚拟，从句对现在虚拟 If you had married him, you would be the wife of a gas station attendant. If I had married him, he would be the CEO and you would be a gas….. 陈述句+or+虚拟主句 Or+主语+would do 表示对现在事实的虚拟 Or+主语+would have done表示对过去事实的虚拟 We didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise we _______ (phone) him. He must have had an accident, or he _________ (be) here then. Would have phoned Would have been 名词从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气除了用在上述非真实条件从句中，在特定的名词从句中也需要用虚拟。这里所说的特定是指名词从句中要含有特定的标志词，这些标志词可用来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求或意志等语气。 It is (high) time that+主语+（should）+do 2.时间连词until的用法特点 1.既可以用作介词也可以用作连词，所以until后面可以接名词短语也可以接时间从句。 2.until的本质是表示“一个动作（主句动作）一直持续到某一个时间点”。具体来说：until前面的主句或句子谓语必须是延续性的，而until后面接的从句的谓语须是短暂动词或时间点。 We will stay here until it stops raining. I will be away from my office until next Tuesday. One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking. Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century. Not until 的四种不同句式 1.正常结构 not…until The little boy didn’t smile until he saw his mother. 这个小男孩看到他妈妈之后才开始笑起来。 2.until置于句首 Until he saw his mother, the little boy didn’t smile. (句意不变) Until rece