烤烟湿润育苗技术研究.pdf

33. 烤烟湿润育苗技术研究 刘添毅 赖禄祥 黄一兰 陈献勇 王雪仁 林建麒 （福建省烟草公司三明分公司 福建 三明 365000） 摘要：本试验对以育苗基质和营养液配方的筛选，和肥水管理方式的改进为主要内容的烤烟湿润育苗技术进行了探 讨，结果表明：5 号育苗基质配方和 2 号营养液配方所育烟苗综合素质最高，茎高、茎围适中，根系发达，根系活 力强，根茎叶干鲜重最重；育苗肥水管理方式由传统的“一段式”改为“前漂后浇”的“二段式”，不仅大大降低了 烟农的育苗用工，而且解决了肥水单纯采用浇施，基质易板结、出苗率较低、生长不整齐等问题。 关键词：烤烟；湿润育苗；基质；营养液； Studies on techniques of flue-cured tobacco seedling nursing on moist trays Liu Tian-yi Lai Lu-xiang Huang Yi-lan Chen Xian-yong Wang Xue-ren Lin Jian-qi (Sanming Branch of Fujian Tobacco Corporation, Sanming Fujian 365000) Abstracts: The techniques of flue-cured tobacco seedling nursing on moist trays were studied. The main contents of the techniques were the selection of mediums and nutrient solutions and the improvements of management of fertilizer and irrigation. The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco seedlings nursing on the N0.5 medium with N0.2 nutrient solution showed moderate stem height and stem perimeter, well developed roots, better root activity and the most fresh and dry weight of the roots, stems and leaves. Management of fertilizer and irrigation was changed from the traditional “one section approach” to “two section approach” of “floating earlier and irrigation later”. The new approach could significantly decrease the nursing labor and settle problems such as harden medium, lower germination rate and lower regularity of flue-cured tobacco seedlings bringing by traditional approach. Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; seedling nursing on moist trays; medium; nutrient solution ； 我国烤烟育苗技术从粗放的露地苗床育苗到营养土育苗，再到集约化的漂浮育苗，所育成烟苗 的素质不断得到提高[1-2]，尤其是漂浮育苗技术，通过工厂化生产育苗基质和营养液及相对集中育苗， 有效地减少了烤烟大田生育前期花叶病的发生，实现了育苗技术的较大变革[3-5]；但由于三明烟区地 处较特殊的生态区域，烤烟移栽期气温偏低，生育后期存在高温逼熟，大田有效生长时间相对较短， 采用漂浮育苗，因移栽烟苗根系较少、移栽后返苗期偏长、抗逆性较弱等问题，导致中下部烟叶偏 薄、颜色淡、油份不足，在一定程度上制约了三明烟区烤烟生产的发展和水平的提高；而传