高中语法之句型讲解.docxVIP

高中英语知识结构图 句子成分 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 ㈠主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true The sun rises in the east.??（名词） ??????????? He likes dancing.??（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. ?（数词）?????? Seeing is believing.???（动名词）?????? To see is to believe.????（不定式） ???????? What he needs is a book. ?（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） ㈡谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. She doesn’t seem to like dancing (三)宾语：动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人. He gave me some books. Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers. I like my job. I love you. He wanted to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. （四）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. (形容词) His father works in a steel work. (名词) There are 54students in our class. (数词) Do you known betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) His spoken language is good. (过去分词) I met a friend on my way home. (副词) The girl in red is his sister. We have a lot of work to do. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter. Do you know the man who spoke just now? There is nothing interesting in this book. （五）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died,leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always