雅思语法班讲义.docVIP

. ..... 第一课时 冠词 一.基础知识记忆. 1.单数可数名词绝不能单独使用,其前不是加冠词a/an/the或one’s,就必须将名词的单数形式改为复数形式. 2.表泛指意义的复数名词或不可数名词(即物质名词或抽象名词)前面千万不要添加任何冠词. 3. 固定短语中有无冠词,要分得清清楚楚,明明白白. 二.定冠词的使用. 1.世界上独一无二的天体、河流、海洋、湖泊、山川等与地理知识有关的名词前. e.g. the Changjiang River the East Lake / the Pacific Ocean the Urals. 2.形容词same前. 3.序数词最高级前面. 4.by far前置修饰比较级时. e.g. This book is by far the better than that one. c.f. This book is better by far than that one. This book is even better than that one. 5.强调两者之间的比较且作主语、定语时. e.g. The older of the two brothers is my desk-mate. Which is the bigger country, Canada or Australia? Which is bigger, Canada or Australia? 6. 表示“越…越…”意义时. e.g. The sooner, the better. 7.句型“动作动词+ sb.+介词+the+具体身体部位名词”结构中. e.g. Bob hit John on the head. The gentle light struck the baby in the face. The little boy took the elephant by the nose across the street. 8.发明的事物名称前(即invent之后的名词)或濒临灭绝的动物单数名词前. e.g. Bell is generally considered to have invented the telephone. As we all know, the tiger is in danger of dying out. 9.介词by后表示“按…计算”与度量衡单位有关的具体表时间、长度、体积、面积等名词前. e.g. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour. Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by time. In England, cloth is sold by the yard instead of by the meter. In England, cloth is sold by length. 10.与某些形容词连用表示一类人. e.g. the rich 11.乐器名词前. e.g. I like playing the guitar and my sister likes playing the piano. 12.由普通名词构成的专有名词前. e.g. The people’s Republic of China and the United States are two great countries. 13.方位、方向名词前. e.g. China is in the east of Asia, the largest continent on the earth, and on the west of the Pacific Ocean, the largest ocean in the world. 14. 再次指代上文中已提过的名词前. e.g. I bought a pen yesterday. The pen writes well. 15.双方心中都知晓、明白的名词前. e.g. Pass me the book, please. 16.与表示国家或民族的形容词连用,指代该全国全体人民. e.g. The Chinese love peace. 17.用在姓氏复数之前表示全家人或夫妇俩. 18. 其后有某种修饰语(如介词短语、定语从句、分词短语或不定式等)的名词前,表示特定的人或物时. e.g. The book on the desk is mine. 19.与