躯干骨及其连结系2013.pptVIP

Locomotor System The manubrium posteriorly-angled joints with the body and forms the sternal angle, which is a major surface landmark used by clinicians in performing physical examinations of the thorax. Anteriorly, the costal cartilages of ribs I to VII articulate with the sternum. The costal cartilages of ribs VIII to X articulate with the inferior margins of the costal cartilages above them. Ribs XI and XII are called floating ribs because they do not articulate with other ribs, costal cartilages, or with sternum. Their costal cartilages are small, only covering their tips. 躯干骨的连结 Superior thoracic aperture (Inlet) It consists of the body of vertebra TI posteriorly, the medial margin of rib I on each side, and the superior border of the manubrium anteriorly. The posterior margin of the superior thoracic aperture is superior to the anterior margin. Consequently, the plane of the superior thoracic aperture is at an oblique angle, facing somewhat anteriorly. The inferior thoracic aperture (Outlet) The body of T. vertebra XII posteriorly; The rib XII and the distal end of rib XI posterolaterally; The distal cartilaginous ends of ribs VII to X, which unite to form the costal arches bi-anterolaterally; The xiphoid process anteriorly. The posterior margin of the inferior thoracic aperture is inferior to the anterior margin. 黄韧带Ligmentum of flava 围成椎管，限脊柱过屈 棘间韧带 棘上韧带：颈部称项韧带 横突间韧带 关节突关节 黄韧带 项韧带 横突 关节突关节 The joint of articular process Interspinous ligament Intertransverse ligament Anterior longit. lig. Interspinous ligament Posterior longit. lig. Supraspinous ligament (3)寰椎与枕骨及枢椎的关节 1)寰枕关节 Atlantooccipital joint 2)寰枢关节： Atlantoaxial joint ①寰枢外侧关节 ②寰枢正中关节 寰枢关节韧带： ①齿突尖韧带 ②翼状韧带 ③寰椎横韧带 ④覆膜 2.脊柱整体观及其功能 (1)脊柱的整体观 1)脊柱前面观 2)脊柱后面观 3)脊柱侧面观：有4个生理性弯曲（颈曲、胸曲、腰曲和骶曲）。 (2)脊柱的功能 1)支持、保护功能 2)运动功能：可作屈、伸、侧屈、旋转和环转运动。 Vertebral column as a whole Four curves The movements of the vertebral column Flexion extension; Lateral flexions; Rotation; Circumduct