L02-Fundamentals-of-Computer-Design-体系结构第二章.pptVIP

* * GPA英语全称是grade point average，意思就是平均分，美国的GPA满分是4分，即A=4，B=3，C=2， D=1 * GigE：Gigabit Ethernet ；HDMI是新一代的多媒体接口标准，全称是High-Definition Multimedia Interface，中文意思为高清晰多媒体接口 每个计算模块包含5个Xilinx VirtexTM-ⅡPro 70 FPGA，4个计算FPGA，1个控制FPGA(在嵌入式PowerPC405上运行Linux，管理计算过程，监视模块运行) 每个FPGA都与四个DDR2 240引脚DRAM DIMM直接相连 * 控制FPGA包含两个10Gb Base-CX4接口，计算FPGA包含4个，整个模块18个，180GBps. 100Base-T以太网接口为用户接口、低速系统控制、监控及数据存档提供带外通信网络。 * 千兆位级收发器(MGT) LVCMOS Low Voltage Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor * Need to create a “watering hole”水源to bring everyone together to quickly find that solution architects, language designers, application experts, numerical analysts, algorithm designers, programmers, … Internet in a Box (IBox) was one of the first commercially available Internet connection software packages available for sale to the public. Internet In A Box (TM) is the first shrink-wrapped package to provide a total solution for PC users to get on the Internet. Internet In A Box provides instant connectivity, a multimedia Windows interface, and a full suite of applications. New features in the second edition include: access to the CompuServe Network; Spry Mosaic, Mail, and News; Secure HTTP; and a Network File Manager.  ML, abbr. Machine Language 机器语言 Encyclopedia 百科全书 * 2010年6月TOP1. * Tesla K40 2880核 12G显存，GK110 万亿级；万亿能标；亿次计算 2014年秋，前5名无变化。Tianhe-1A跌出前10。 一直到2017年12月。 * 一直到2017年12月。 * bring to Table: 带来的价值或者成果； * bring something to the table to provide something that will be a benefit. 技术上总是走在最前沿（预测-实现）；良好定义的接口。 * any line of main memory can be stored in any one of N lines of the cache. (整个cache包含多个set,每个set又包含N个cache line,即所谓的N-way) * The principle of locality states that programs access a relatively small portion of the address space at any instant of time. This is kind of like in real life, we all have a lot of friends. But at any given time most of us can only keep in touch with a small group of them. There are two different types of locality: Temporal and Spatial. Temporal locality