江淮灾害性大风飑线的特征分析GeneralFeaturesofSquall-气象.PDF

江淮灾害性大风飑线的特征分析 吴瑞姣 陶玮 周昆 邱学兴 安徽省气象台，合肥 230031 提 要：本文利用2000—2017 年4—9 月的多普勒雷达资料、地面和高空探测资料，识别出 江淮地区35 条飑线。空间分布显示，飑线主要形成于长江以北的平原地区。时间分布显示， 40 ％的飑线发生在7 月，其中7 月下旬有一峰值；约37 ％的飑线形成于中午到下午，在午 后到傍晚成熟，在下午至夜间消亡。较多的飑线向东南方向移动，移速集中于8～16 m ·s-1， 长度为200～250 km ，强度为60～65 dBz ，生命史为3～4 h 。飑线的主要形成方式为离散区 型(broken areal 型) ，组织方式以后部层状云型(trailing stratiform 型)居多，主要消散方式为逆 向断线型（reversed broken line 型）。把飑线的天气背景分成五种类型：浅槽型、深槽型、高 压边缘型、槽后型和冷涡型。江淮飑线多出现在西风槽前；深槽型飑线引起的地面降温幅度 最大；深槽型和冷涡型飑线的雷达回波核较高，天气也更为剧烈，除了降水和雷暴大风外， 还可出现冰雹或龙卷。五种天气型的相同之处是对流有效位能大于1300 J•kg-1，0~6 km 的 垂直风切变大于10 m•s-1，抬升凝结高度多低于930 hPa ，即低层为高温潮湿的环境。 关键词：飑线， 特征，天气形势 General Features of Squall Lines with Disastrous Gale in the Jianghuai WU Ruijiao TAO Wei ZHOU Kun QIU Xuexing Anhui Meteorological Observatory, Hefei 230031 Abstract: Based on the Doppler radar data, surface observation and rawinsonde data in April to September during the 18-yr period of 2000-2017, 35 squall line cases are identified in the Jianghuai, with a maximum frequency of occurrence in the plain to the north of the Yangtse River. The squall lines peak in July and a large proportion of them generate in early afternoon, mature in late afternoon, and dissipate in evening. The squall lines have a dominant southeast motion at the -1 speed of 8-16 m•s . They are characterized by the maximum length of 200-250km, the maximum intensity of 60-65dBz, and the duration of 3-4h. The squall lines commonly form in a broken-areal mode, display a trailing-stratiform pattern, and dissipate in a reversed broken-line mode. The environmental flows of the squall lines are classified into five synoptic patterns: pre-short trough, pre-long trough, cold vortex, around subtropical-high and post trough. About 62.9% of the squall lines form in the dominant