《当前大学生就业压力的经济学分析论文》-毕业论文设计（可用）.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 25 沈阳大学毕业设计（论文） No 摘 要 在当前市场经济快速发展、中国高等教育大众化和大学生就业体制市场化改革多重背景下，大学生就业问题日益突出，已从个人问题、家庭问题、学校问题上升为一个政府乃至全社会共同关心的问题。 大学毕业生能否成功就业直接关系到经济、科技和社会的发展，直接影响到高校的发展；大学毕业生成功就业是其生存与发展的前提条件，也承载着家庭的希望与未来。反过来，大学生失业会对个人、家庭造成巨大的压力、是一种严重的人力资源浪费，会影响社会稳定。经济学理论认为，在产业结构不变的约束条件下，可以比较清晰地观察到失业率与经济增长率之间的替代关系。按照奥肯定律所估计的结果，实际增长率高于潜在增长率一个百分点，失业率会下降半个百分点。经济增长速度的降低对总体的劳动力就业、大学生就业造成困难，大学生人力资本的低效配置也使经济增长率低于潜在的增长率。 本文从经济学角度分析了大学生的就业现状，当前大学生就业率逐年下降，大学生就业难成为突出问题。并从就业体制的转变对大学生就业的影响；现行的社会制度的缺陷；高校人才培养模式与市场脱节；用人单位的用人观念存在问题；全球经济危机加大大学生就业压力五个方面分析了大学生就业难的原因，最后提出改变这种现状的对策与措施。 关键词： 高等教育； 大学生； 就业； 劳动力市场 Abstract In the current rapid development of the market economy, the popularization of Chinas higher education and college students employment system reform under the background of multiple, college students employment problem is increasingly outstanding, already from personal problems, family problems, school problems risen to a government and all social issues of common concern. University Graduates employment is directly related to the success of economic, technological and social development, directly affects the development of colleges and universities; university graduates employment is the survival and development of the premise condition, also carrying the family hope and future. In turn, the unemployment of college students on individuals, families caused great pressure, is a serious waste of human resources, will affect the social stability. Economics theory thinks, in industrial structural invariant constraints, can be clearly observed in the unemployment rate and economic growth rate between replace a relation. According to Okuns law the estimated results, the actual growth rate is higher than the potential increase rate a percent, the unemployment rate will be reduced by half a percentage point. The speed of economic growth to reduce the overall labor force employment, employment difficulties, the inefficient allocation