regulationoftranscripti千oninprokaryotes.pptVIP

5. Transcription Including 5.1 Transcription in prokaryotes 5.2 Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes 5.3 Transcription in eukaryotes 5.4 Regulation of transcription in eukaryotes 5.5 rRNA process and RNPs 5.2 Regulation of transcription in prokaryotes 5.2.1 The lac operon 5.2.2 The trp operon 5.2.1 The lac operon The operon model was proposed by Jacob and Monod in 1961 The operon is a unit of gene expression and regulation, includes: The structural genes for enzymes involved in a specific biosynthetic pathway whose expression is coordinately (协调) controlled. Control elements such as an operator sequence, which is a DNA seq that regulate transcription of the structural genes. Regulator genes whose products recognize（识别） the control elements. The lactose operon E. coli can use lactose as a source of carbon. The enzymes required for the use of lactose as a carbon source are only synthesized when latose is available as the sole carbon source. 3 structure genes: lacZ, lacY, lacA lacZ – β-galactosidase, hydrolysis of lactose to galactose and glucose lacY– galactoside permease, lactose transport across the bacterial cell wall lacA – thiogalactoside transacetylase (硫代半乳糖苷转乙酰基酶) Promoter Plac ; Polycistronic (多顺反子) mRNA; Operator site Olac -5 --- +20 The lac repressor The lacI gene encodes the lac repressor, which is active as a tetramer(四聚体) of identical subunits. The lac operator site consists of 28bp which is palindromic (回文结构的). In the absence of lactose, the repressor occupies the operator-binding site. The repressor actually increases the binding of the polymerase to the lac promoter. Induction In the absence of inducer, the lac repressor blocks all but a very low level of transcription of lacZYA. When lactose is added to cells, the low basal level of the permease allows its uptake, and β-galactosidase catalyzes the conversion of some lactose to allolactose (异乳糖). Allolactose act as an inducer and binds to the lac repressor. Removal of the