动量守恒定律1ConservationoflinearMomentumIf.PPT

Chapter 3 Momentum 动量 3-3 Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket 3-3 Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket 3-9.1 The Center of Mass If we toss a small ball into the air, it will follow a parabolic path. What about a grenade? The center of mass of a system of particles is the point that moves as though all the system’s mass were concentrated there and (2) all external forces were applied there. The position of the center of mass (com) of this two-particle system can be defined as: For a more generalized situation, in which the coordinate system has been shifted leftward. If particles are distributed in three dimensions, the Center of mass must be identified by three coordinates: The three scalar equation can be replaced by a single vector equation 3-9.2 The law of motion of center of mass No matter what is the nature of the objects that collide, the common rule of collisions is that the momentum of the system is always conserved. 碰撞的共同规律： 在碰撞过程中，碰撞物体间的相互作用力外力，所以外力可以忽略不计，碰撞物体组成的系统动量守恒。 The category（分类） of collision（从能量的角度）: (1) Completely elastic collision (briefly elastic弹性): The total kinetic energy of two colliding particles is conserved. (2) Inelastic（非弹性） collision: The total kinetic energy of two colliding particles is not conserved. If two colliding particles stick（粘连） together after collision, this type of collision is termed as completely inelastic or briefly inelastic collision. 碰撞的分类： 动能守恒的碰撞称为弹性碰撞。 动能不守恒的碰撞称为非弹性碰撞，如果两物体碰撞后合二为一，以共同的速度运动，则称为完全非弹性碰撞。 2.Elastic collision in one dimension 一维弹性碰撞 自学！ 3.Elastic collision in two dimension 二维弹性碰撞 As shown in figure, if two bodies(balls球) do not move along one same straight line after collision, this collision without lost of energy is elastic collision in two dimension. m1 m2 x y ?1 ?2 There are following specific properties: (1) Their centers are not on the same line before collision; (2) The ball m2, called as ta