吕本中原本官《童蒙训》分析.docx

1 1 l ! ，? ， j !i l l - ! 摘 摘 要 吕本中生于北宋吕氏望族，这个家族不但出了三位宰相，而且学术气氛浓 厚，祖父吕希哲热衷于讲学，对吕本中有很深的影响。宋代的官学和私学都很 兴盛，尤其重视童蒙教育，许多著名学者都亲自编写蒙学教材。吕本中诗人和 官僚的双重身份，为他的广泛交游提供了便利。时代的趋势，家族的影响加上 自身的学识，使得他为家塾编写的教材《童蒙训》内容丰富，包含修身治学、 论说诗文、为官处事等多方面内容。《童蒙训》在流传过程中，．苴丰论为官处事 的内容被剥离出来，编成《官箴》；论说诗文的内容被删削，大多散逸在各种诗 话文献中，今人郭绍虞将其收集，编成《童蒙诗训》；论修身治学的内容被保留 下来，成了今本《童蒙训》的内容。《官箴》和《童蒙训》在宋、元、明、清各 代都广为流传。原本《童蒙i)ll》包含的文化价值是多方面的，主要反映了这些 内容：一、治学的内容、态度、方法和途径；二、须培养的思想品行和懂得的 ／ 待人接物的礼节；三、学作诗写文章的步骤、方法和学习的典范，对历代诗文 的评论；四、为官处事的态度和原则——清、慎、勤、忍。原本大致以一、二 点的内容为一卷，以三、四点的内容各为一卷，共三卷。今本《童蒙训》的内 容只有第一点、第二点，第三点的内容编在《童蒙诗训》中，第四点的内容编 在《官箴》中。宋代的多本文献引用了吕本中的《童蒙训》，包括以上四方面的 内容，证明《官箴》和《童蒙诗训》是由《童蒙i)lI》脱胎而来。《童蒙训》在一 定程度上反映了宋代童蒙教育的内容、士人心理、官场文化、政治和学术面貌， 以及吕本中的诗学主张。书中涉及了很多官职名称，反映了受元裙党案冲击的 官僚的贬谪生活，对研究宋代历史有一定的文献价值。 关键词：吕本中；《童蒙训》；《官箴》；《童蒙诗训》；文化价值 手 Ab Ab stract Lu Bcnzhong was bom in a eminent clan of Northern Song Dynasty．The clan not only brought up three Prime Minister,but also fostered strong culture atmosphere．He was affected dearly by his grandfather Lu Xizhe who Was absorbed in lecturing．The education of government and person were very thriving in Song Dynasty,especially the children’S enlightenment education were attached much importance to．Many famous savants redacted the children teaching material by themselves．Lu Benzhong was not only a poet but also a officer，that bJs social intercourse Was very extensive．With the trend of the epoch，the effect of the family, and his wisdon，let him write the workTong Meng Xun”．The contents of the work were plentiful，which consist of self-cultivation and study,comments about poetry and articles．the manner and principles of dealing witll the government things．When “乃馏Meng Xun，， Was in circulation，the contents about officer how to deal with things were deleted，then was compiled “Guan Zhen’；and the comments about poetry and articles were deleted too，and were distributed to many different books which criticize poetry,then were compiled“而馏Meng Shi Xun”by Guo Shaoyu； The contents about study and self-cultivatio