小叶桦种子的萌发特性-石河子大学.doc

小叶桦种子萌发特性研究 黄 刚 杜珍珠 曹 婷 张 辉 阎 平 （石河子大学生命科学学院，新疆石河子，832003） 摘要：小叶桦Betula microphylla主产于阿尔泰山、塔城山地、阿拉套山地林缘，而在准噶尔盆地南缘自然分布的小叶桦是格外珍贵的，为了全面了解小叶桦种子萌发特征，为其自然更新提供有益的解释和引种驯化提供科学依据。测量了小叶桦种子的基本特征，研究了储存方式、水分、昼夜温差、培养基质和其上有无覆盖物、去果皮处理对小叶桦种子萌发的影响。结果表明：小叶桦种子千粒重约 0.335g，含水量约10.34%，活力为87.23%，种子约28.75%饱满且可发芽，发芽率为96.69℅；种子萌发最适为温度25/20℃；给水量3～10ml条件下，种子萌发率较高；去果皮有利于种子萌发，深埋或覆盖物均导致种子萌发率下降，泥炭土较适宜种子萌发。 关键词 小叶桦； 种子； 水分； 温度； 萌发 中图分类号： 文献标识码： seed germination characteristics of Betula microphylla Bge. Huang gang DU zhenzhu CAO ting ZHANG hui YAN ping (College of Life Sciences，Shihezi University，Shihezi Xinjiang 832003，China) Abstract: Betula microphylla is mainly produced in the Altai, the Tacheng Mountain, Ala-mountain forest edge. Natural distribution in the south margin of the Junggar Basin Betula microphylla is particularly valuable.The research is to offer the helpful explanation of natural regeneration and groundwork for seeding,breeding and planting of Betula microphylla ,after studying the effects of the storages,water, daytime/nighttime temperatures , culture media and mulches and pericarp treatments and measuring basic characteristics of Betula microphylla .The results showed that 28.75% of the seed is full in the fully maturated ones. The optimum germination temperature is 25/20 ℃. Germination rates under water 3-10ml were highest. Shelling the pericarp could improve germination rates. Germination rates declined in the groups covered with mulch, but there was less significant difference among culture media,the peat of moguhu is more suitable for seed germination. Key words: Betula microphylla; seed ; water temperature germination 小叶桦Betula microphylla Bge隶属于桦木科Betulaceae桦木属Betula；乔木，高达14米，树皮灰白色或棕红色；叶菱形，菱状椭圆形或菱状到卵形，边缘具重锯齿；果序圆柱形，果苞中裂片条形，较侧裂片稍长，侧裂片长圆形，斜展或直展；果实为带翅小坚果，倒卵状长圆形；主要分布于海拔300-1500m的阿尔泰山、塔城山地、阿拉套山地林缘或混交林以及平原湿地基金项目：国家科技基础条件平台建设子项目（2005DKA21006）作者简介：黄刚（1983-），男，硕士，研究方向为资源植物，（E-mail） HYPERLINK mailto:huanggan163.com huanggan163.com通讯作者：阎平（