现在完成时精讲精华版.docxVIP

现在完成时专项讲解 一、构成:现在完成时由“have/has+ 动词的过去分词”构成。 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式及简单回答形式（以动词study为例）： 肯定式：I （You）have　studied. He(She, It) has studied. We(You, They) have studied. 否定式I(You) have not/haven’t studied. He(She, It)has not/hasn’t studied. We(You, They) have not/ haven’t studied. 疑问式：Have I( you ) studied? Yes, you (I) have./No, you (I) haven’t. Has he (she, it) studied? 　 Yes, he(she,it) has.／No, he(she, it) hasn’t. Have we(you, they) studied? Yes, you (we, they) have. No, you (we, they) haven’t. 二、动词的过去分词：规则与不规则 规则动词的过去时构成形式： (1)一般情况选在动词原形末尾加ed. (2)结尾是不发音字母e的动词加d. (3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed. (4)结尾是辅音字母加y 的动词，先变y为I,再加ed 请用两个单词分别写现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句。 I have written my postcard. I haven’t written my postcard. Have you written your postcard? Yes, I have. / No,I haven’t. 1The room is cold。Who_______（open）the window？ 2 He_______（go）to the cinema。 3_______ you_______（put）away my dictionary? 4.We________(not finish) the work yet. 5.I________(see) the play. I _____(see) it last month with my sister. 6.I am not hungry.I ____just____(have) my dinner. 7.Don’t worry. The train____ yet. A.arrived B.won’t arrive C.hasn’t arrived 三、 用法 Ａ表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如： I have opened the window.我已经把窗户打开了。（窗户是开着的） The concert has started.音乐会已经开始（音乐会现在在进行） They have gone to Shanghai.他们已去上海了（他们不在这里） 现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1980,three days ago, Just now, when I came in等连用。但可以和一些不确定的时间状语，如already, yet , sometimes, often, before, lately, once, never, just, ever 等连用；也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如this morning, today, this week, this year等连用。例如 She has already come.她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet.我还没有读过这个 Have you ever seen each other before?你们见过面吗？ B.表示过去已经开始、持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）动作或状态，常和表示一段时间状语，如:today, these days, since…, for…, this month, now等连用。例如:I have studied English for two years. 我学英语已经两年了。 They have liv