甘州回鹘宗教信仰考.pdfVIP

2011 年第3 期 敦煌研究 NO.3. 2011 （ ） DUNHUANG R ESEAR CH TOTAL 127 总第127 期 甘州回鹘宗教信仰考 杨富学 （敦煌研究院 民族宗教文化研究所，甘肃 兰州 730030） 内容摘要：摩尼教于763 年传入漠北回鹘汗国以后，迅速发展成为回鹘国教，其影响渗透到汗国社会、经济、外交及文化的 各个方面。9 世纪中叶，回鹘汗国崩溃，部众四散，其中迁入河西者以甘州为中心建立了甘州回鹘王国。由于受到当地流行的宗 教文化的影响，回鹘宗教信仰发生了重大变化。原来被奉为国教的摩尼教虽继续流行，但势力越来越弱。在漠北时期并不流行 的佛教，却异军突起，取代摩尼教而成为甘州回鹘国最为流行的宗教，同时萨满教遗俗继续存在。这些成为甘州回鹘宗教信仰 的显著特点。 关键词：摩尼教；佛教；萨满教；回鹘；甘州 中图分类号：K289 ；B91 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000- 4106 （2011）03- 0106- 08 Religions of the Ganzhou Uighur Kingdom by YANG Fuxue （Institute of the Ethnic- R eligious Cultural Studies Dunhuang Academy ，Lanzhou Gansu 730000） Abstract: Since Manichaeism was introduced into the Uighur Empire on 763 AD ，it became the state religion of the Uighurs quickly. Its influence seeped through each aspect of community ，economy，diplomacy and culture. In the mid- 9th century，the Uighur Empire was broke down ，the loyalty stampeded ，among them who settled in Hexi established the Ganzhou Uighur Kingdom. Because of the impact of the religion and cultural from the region spreading，religions of the Uighur took place important change. Although Manichaeism that was looked upon as the state religion originally which kept on being popular ，the influence was weaker and weaker. And the Buddhism that was out of fashion during the Uighur Empire period was sudden rising，it replaced Manichaeism and became the most popular religion of the Ganzhou Uighur Kingdom ，the old custom of Shamanism also went on existence at the same time. These are the distinctive features of religions of the Ganzhou Uighur. Keywords: Manichaeism， Buddhism， Shamanism， the Uighurs ， Ganzhou 收稿日期：2010- 12- 15 基金项目：国家社会科学