大型涉水工程对九段沙湿地的冲淤效应研究港口海岸及近海工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 上海九段沙湿地国家级自然保护区由上沙、中沙、下沙、江亚南沙及附近的浅水水 域组成，九段沙湿地动植物丰富和原生态的环境特点决定了其具有重要的科研和保护价 值。近年来九段沙湿地正处于长江口高强度开发的大环境中，这些工程对九段沙湿地的 侵蚀或淤涨正在产生或将要产生明显的干扰作用。九段沙湿地在自然干扰和人为干扰 下，特别在人为干扰下，处于剧烈的动态变化过程中。 本论文基于近年来收集的水文、泥沙数据，结合地形资料、流域水沙资料，利用河 床演变学、动力地貌学、物理海洋学等专业知识和GIS等方法，研究近年来大型涉水工 程对九段沙湿地冲淤效应，讨论相应的保护对策措施，以期为九段沙湿地今后的保护利 用规划及管理提供科学依据。 研究结果表明：长江口北槽深水航道工程抑止了江亚南沙和九段沙沙头下移，增加 了南槽落潮分流比，加速江亚南沙向九段沙的靠拢。南导堤削弱了北槽对九段沙北岸的 冲刷强度，稳定了九段沙北边界，阻挡了口外涨潮流由九段沙向北槽的泥沙输送，大量 泥沙在九段沙滩面落淤，滩面淤高，加速了湿地植物群落的演替过程，优化了湿地生态 功能。南汇边滩围垦工程缩窄了南槽宽度，对南槽水流强度带来一定影响，加剧了江亚 南沙、九段沙南沿的冲刷强度。 九段沙湿地高程的淤高或刷低，将直接影响到湿地功能的显著变化。基于工程对九 段沙的冲淤效应，本文提出了几点建议。 关键词：九段沙湿地冲淤演变大型涉水工程对策研究 ABSTRACTJiuduansha ABSTRACT Jiuduansha Wetland State Nature Reserve in Shanghai is composed of Jiuduansha Shoal， Jiangyannansha Shoal and the nearby shallow watershed．It possesses important research and conservation value because of the rich bioproductivity and original ecology．In the recent years，Jiuduansha Wetland has been undergoiung erosion or accretion significantly affected by high—intensifed construction projects that were built up near the Yangtze River estuary． Because of the natural and human disturbance，mostly the latter,Jiuduansha Wetland has been undertaking tremendous dynamical changes in these years． Based on a recent data collection of hydrology,sediment，combined with terrain，water and。 sediment data at Yangtze River basin，this paper utilized fluvial，dynamic geomorphological， physical oceanographic，GIS and other professional knowledge to study the morphological evolution of Jiuduansha Wetland in responds to large water projects．In the end of this paper, the practical methods to protect and enhance Juduansha Wetland were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the planning and management of the Wetland in the future． The main conclusions of this study include：First，the Yangtze River Estuary North Channel Deep Water Channel Project suppressed the head of Jiangyanansha Shoal and Jiuduansha Shoal from moving down,increased the split ratio ebb of South Ch