新初三英语暑假班复习资料（共20专题）.doc

新初三英语暑假班复习资料（共20专题） 暑假专题1：语法复习 ［学习过程］ 一、句子的成分及动词不定式在句子中的语法作用 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子的成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。 1）句子的主语是表示句子所要说明的人或事物；“是什么”或“是谁”，这是一个句子的主要部分，一般由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式和动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，通常位于句首。 例如：The students love their teachers very much. To build this building took them about a year. Finishing the homework on time is good for a student. 2）句子的谓语用来说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”，说明主语的动作、状态或特征。句子的谓语一般用动词来表示。但情态动词和助动词不能单独作谓语，它们必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 例如：My watch works very well. I can go there with you. The teachers are having a meeting in the meeting hall now. 3）句子的宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，通常由名词、代词（人称代词用宾格）或是相当于名词、代词的词、短语、从句等（如动词不定式或动词不定式短语、动名词等）来充当，一般放在及物动词的后面或介词的后面。 例如：I lost my pen yesterday. I really want to go to the park with you. She decided to buy a cup of Coke and a piece of bread. Miss Sun said that I had to hand in the copy tomorrow. 有些动词后面有两个宾语，我们称这为“双宾”，这类动词主要有give, send, tell, write, post, pass, teach ,wish等。 例如：I will send him a letter this afternoon. Give me a piece of paper, please . 注意：有些接“双宾”的动词后面用介词for 4）句子的表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、身份等，表明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，可由名词、形容词、介词、动名词、不定式或从句等充当，它们与前面的系动词（如am, is, are, was ,were, become ,get, smell ,turn ,seem, sound, taste, feel等）一起构成谓语，形成“系表结构”。 例如：I am a teacher. I feel much better than before. The pencils are in my school bag. 5）宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语“怎么样”或“做什么”。宾语补足语可以由形容词、动词不定式、名词、副词、现在分词等充当。 例如：He asked me to stand up. We should keep the room clean. I heard her singing at 9:00 last night. I keep my hands behind my back. 6）句子的定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、形容词性物主代词、数词、名词、不定式、现在分词、介词短语、从句等均可作定语。 例如：I have a black cat. The man over there is my father. My cat is white and yours is black. I have no homework to do. People living there are very friendly. 注意：当形容词修饰不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing作定语时，要放在不定代词的后面。 7）句子的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、原因、程度、方式等，通常由副词、介词、介词短语动词、动词不定式以及从句来充当。 例如：Wang Fang was doing her homework carefully. He ran the fastest in the first group. I come here to learn playing the piano. 二、动词不定式在句子中的语法作