国际结算习题解读.doc

Chapter 1 Giving a brief account of international settlement Key Terms: obligation 责任 examine 审核 presentation 提示 principal 委托人 entrust 委托 separate 独立的discrepancy 不符点 nominated 指定的 compliance 一致, 相符 port of loading 装运港 draft document 汇票 Further Reading: AUTONOMY AND DOCUMENTARY CHARACTER OF L/C IN UCP500 Credits, by their nature, are separate transactions from the sales or other contract(s) on which they may be based and banks are in no way concerned with or bound by such contract(s) even if any reference whatsoever to such contract(s) is included in the Credit. Consequently, the undertaking of a bank to pay, accept and pay Draft(s) or negotiate and/or to fulfill any other obligation under the Credit, is not subject to claims or defenses by the Applicant resulting from his relationships with the Issuing Bank or the Beneficiary. A Beneficiary can in no case avail himself of the contractual relationships existing between the banks or between the Applicant and the Issuing bank. Therefore, in Credit operations all parties concerned deal with documents, and not with goods, services and/or other performances to which the documents may relate. Banks must examine all documents stipulated in the Credit with reasonable care, to ascertain whether or not they appear, on their face, to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit. Compliance of the stipulated documents on their face with the terms and conditions of the Credit, shall be determined by international standard banking practice as reflected in these Articles. Documents which appear on their face to be inconsistent with one another will be considered as not appearing on their face to be in compliance with the terms and conditions of the Credit. Documents not stipulated in the Credit will not be examined by banks. If they receive such documents, they shall return them to the presenter or pass them on without responsibility. If a Credit contains conditions without stating the document(s) to b