生物化工遗传物质基础及基因工程.ppt

3、基因治疗(Gene Therapy) 可能治疗的疾病: Diabetes：糖尿病 cardiovascular disease：心血管疾病 cystic fibrosis：囊性纤维化 Alzheimer‘s：老年痴呆 Parkinson’s：帕金森 and many other diseases is possible：其它一些可以治疗的疾病 基因工程与农牧业、食品工业The DNA of plants and animals can also be altered PLANTS disease-resistant and insect-resistant crops 2. Hardier fruit 3. 70-75% of food in supermarket is genetically modified. How to Create a Genetically Modified Plant 1.Create recombinant bacteria with desired gene. 2. Allow the bacteria to “infect the plant cells. 3. Desired gene is inserted into plant chromosomes. Golden Rice 黄金大米是一种转基因大米，它通过转基因技术将胡萝卜素转化酶系统转入到大米胚乳中而获得，外表为金黄色，故称黄金大米。 alleviating vitamin A deficiencies in the diets of disadvantaged people in developing countries. (traditional rice varieties do not produce provitamin-A). Genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms. TRANSGENIC ANIMALS Mice – used to study human immune system Chickens – more resistant to infections Cows – increase milk supply and leaner meat 4. Goats, sheep and pigs – produce human proteins in their milk How to Create a Transgenic Animal  We can now grow new body parts and soon donating blood will be a thing of the past, but will we go too far? Growth hormone and therapy controls several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism. Two baby mice - same age Human Growth hormone gene inserted into the embryo of the mouse on the right causing rapid growth The mouse on the left is a normal sized mouse Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and mice Genetic Engineering Genetic Engineers can alter the DNA code of living organisms. Selective Breeding Recombinant DNA PCR Gel Electrophoresis Transgenic Organisms Polymerase Chain ReactionPCR 基于PCR原理三步骤而设置变性-退火-延伸三个温度点，在标准反应中采用三温度点法： 变性：双链DNA在90～95℃变性； 退火：再迅速冷却至40 ～60℃，引物退火并结合到靶序列上； 延伸：然后快速升温至70～75℃，在Taq DNA 聚合酶的作用下，使引物链沿模板延伸。 循环次数:25-30 cycles。 凝胶电泳（Gel Electrophoresis） This technology allows scientists to identify someone’s D