外文翻译--远程农作物病虫害诊断专家系统的设计与实现.doc

附件 毕业生毕业论文(设计)翻译原文 论文题目 远程农作物病虫害诊断专家系统的设计与实现 系 别_____ ______ _ 年 级______ _ _ _ _ _ 专 业_____ ___ ___ 学生姓名______ _____ 学 号 ___ __ _ 指导教师______ ___ _ __ _ 职 称______ __ ___ 系 主 任 _________________ _ _ ___ ? 2012年 04月22 日 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 5 EXPERT SYSTEMS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AIs scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. Of course, the term intelligence covers many cognitive skills, including the ability to solve problems, learn, and understand language; AI addresses all of those. But most progress to date in AI has been made in the area of problem solving -- concepts and methods for building programs that reason about problems rather than calculate a solution. AI programs that achieve expert-level competence in solving problems in task areas by bringing to bear a body of knowledge about specific tasks are called knowledge-based or expert systems. Often, the term expert systems is reserved for programs whose knowledge base contains the knowledge used by human experts, in contrast to knowledge gathered from textbooks or non-experts. More often than not, the two terms, expert systems (ES) and knowledge-based systems (KBS), are used synonymously. Taken together, they represent the most widespread type of AI application. The area of human intellectual endeavor to be captured in an expert system is called the task domain. Task refers to some goal-oriented, problem-solving activity. Domain refers to the area within which the task is being performed. Typical tasks are di