涉铅行业个人防护交流教材(PPT 58页).ppt

* * * Particulates Are very small particles that can float in the air… they can also be called aerosols… Particulates include solids and liquid droplets Particles can be solids like dusts and powders They can be mists… e.g oil mists, paint spray, insecticide spray etc and can even include solids suspended in liquid droplets They can be metal fume e.g welding fume, created when hot metal vapourises, rapidly cools in the surrounding air and forms minute metallic particles which can get deep into the lungs Particulates can include fibres which are long and thin e.g Cotton fibres, glass fibre and asbestos fibres Particles can also include micro organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungal spores Viruses and bacteria can often be contained within liquid droplets e.g those produced when we cough or sneeze * * Lets have a quick look at some examples of typical particulate sizes The examples we have chosen cover a wide range of substances from rain drops to metal fume To put these sizes into perspective, we can see individual rain, mist and drizzle droplets… but the majority of the other individual particles cannot be seen without a microscope! Particles of 100 microns or less can all be breathed in, they are called inhalable particle sizes Particles of 10 microns or less can get into our airways leading to the lungs and particles of 4 microns or less can reach the delicate gas exchange region of the lungs and may cause serious damage to the body if they are harmful So what you can’t see in the air can often be far worse for you Source: Adapted from C E Lapple Stanford Research “Characteristics of particles and particle dispersoids” 1961 Particle sizes affecting respiratory system taken from : CEN/ISO/ACGIH (1997) (Inhalable, thoracic and respirable fractions) * * So how long can particles stay in the air after they have been produced? In the workplace many people when they have stopped their spraying or dusty activity often remove their respirato