赖世雄英语语法.doc

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT18 句子的构成 最后，来翻译英文观止里面的句子。 弄完了以后，打印出来，装订好。 语法的目标：看懂句子，分析句子的结构，这是学习语法的终极目标。 修饰的时候不一定是连接在一起的, 要分清格局, 用大块结构的形式来分析. 动词块, 不定式块…. 1.句子由主语（subject）+谓语(verb)构成； 2.主语省略时，构成祈使句。 Work hard! Be quite! Don’t be silly. 1.1 可充当主语的词类 1.名词 2.代词 3.动名词，不定式短语 Seeing him makes me angry. 其实应该是动名词短语做主语或不定式短语作主语 To see him makes me angry. 但是，这种动名词或不定式短语做主语时，一般用形式主语。 It makes me angry seeing him.这里不是修饰angry。 It makes me angry to see him. 分析句子时，先看一看是不是形式主语。 4.名词从句做主语 That he doesn’t work hard makes me angry. 三种形式：that从句，whether从句，疑问从句（when what how where why） Where he lives is still a doubt. 一、名词从句： 名词从句作动词宾语 I know that he will go abroad in the nearest future(名词从句作动词宾语) I don’t know how he’ll handle it. 名词从句作介词的宾语 I am worried about whether he can do it I am sure of how he’ll cope with the problem I am sure of the fact that the team has won the game. I am worried about the fact that he can do it. 这里因为介词+ that从句，所以，需要在介词后加the fact ,that 从句变为the fact的同位语，都是介词的宾语。 I am worried about his playing around all day. I am worried about his not studying. 这里，介词后边的还是宾语，其实是由that 引导的。但是介词加that从句，需要变换，所以变成这样了。 原句是：that he plays around all day.-his playing around all day. that he not study.- his not studying. 变化的过程中，去掉that,助动词，变所有格，动词变成动名词。 that he doesn’t study- his not studying. That the team will win the game?the team’s winning the game. be + adj. + that 从句 I am worried that he plays around all day.(状语从句，修饰形容词) I am sure that the team has won the game(状语从句). 有时，介词后也可以直接加that从句。 是固定的。 In that = because Except that He is great in that he can speak five different languages. 二、名词短语做主语 名词短语：疑问词+不定式短语 Where to live Whether to try again. When to talk to hime 三、表距离的地点副词短语做主语 From ...to … It is about 160 kilometers from Beijing to Xiamen. 1.2 动词的种类及其用法 完全(complete) 及物(intransitive) 两种修饰，出来4个形态，还有一个是授予动词(Dative)，所以总共有5种动词。 ?A?transitive?verb has a direct object. (动词) 及物的; 传递；及物动词 完全不及物动词 判断方法：把动词放入中间。 我。。。他 他被我。。 两句都没有毛病的及物，有毛病的，不及物。 如kill 我杀他 他被我杀，可以，为及物动词 Dance 我跳他，他被我跳，不