国外高铁发展模式与启示研究.doc

 国外高铁发展模式与启示研究# 霍妮，覃成林** （暨南大学经济学院，广州，510632） 5 10 摘要：国外高铁发展的动机包括了企业、地方、国家三个层面及其结合，主要有缩短区域间 的时间距离、提高铁路运输的竞争力、缓解大都市区交通拥堵、解决区域交通瓶颈问题、促 进区域平衡发展、优化客运交通结构等多种动机。在建设投资方面，国外高铁形成了国家投 资为主、社会投资为主、先国家投资后变为社会投资等三种模式。在运营管理方面，主要有 国有国营、国有民营、私有运营等模式。高铁路网布局有单中心网络与多中心网络两种模式， 运输组织有纯客运与客货混运两种模式。这些模式可为我国高铁发展提供多方面的有益启 示。 关键词：高铁；发展模式；建设投资；运营管理；路网布局 中图分类号：F533 15 A Study of the Development Mode of Foreign HSR and its Implications HUO Ni, QIN Chenglin (Economics School,Jinan University,Guangzhou,510632) 20 25 30 35 40 Abstract: The development motives of foreign high-speed railways include enterprise level, local level, nation level as well as its combination，which contain multiple factors: it is to shorten the time distance between the region, to enhance the competitiveness of rail transport, to ease the traffic congestion of the metropolitan area, to solve regional transportation bottleneck problems, to promote a balanced regional development, and to optimize the structure of the passenger transport. In construction and investment aspect, there have mainly three modes: the formation of a national-based investment social-based investment and the transform of invest by nation to invest by society. In terms of operational management, the main modes are state-owned, state-owned private and private operation. The high railway network layout has two modes: single-center network and multi-center network. The transport organization has two modes: the passengers-only transportation as well as passenger and goods transportation. These modes provide many useful inspirations for the development of Chinas high-speed railways. Key words: HSR；development mode; construction and investment; operational management; network layout 0 引言 自 2008 年建成北京——天津城际高铁以来，我国高铁建设进入了一个大发展的时期。 据有关资料介绍，今年我国高铁运营总里程将超过 1 万公里，国家“四纵四横”高铁骨干网 络中的“四纵”干线也将于年底基本建成。目前，我国已经成为世界上高铁在建和运营规模 最大的国家。高铁的快速发展，不仅引发了我国交通运输结构的大变革，更是对经济和社会 发展产生了重大的战略性影响。在此过程中，我国高铁发展也遇到了一些问题和质疑。如， 高铁建设是否过于超前、发展过快；高铁投融资渠道单一，债务风险加大[1]；高铁是否需要 在公共服务与盈利两者之间兼顾或取舍；高铁建设