中国传统医患伦理解析.docx

中国传统医患伦理解析 摘　要:中国传统医患伦理,从内容上分为医家伦理和病家伦理两部分。呈现出三个方面的特点。首先,传统医患伦理是基于传统人学观、医道观基础上产生的,具有浓厚的人道主义、仁道主义精神;其次,受儒家伦理影响,传统医患关系是一种人伦关系,医患之间体现出高度的利益一致性,展现出成人成己的精神实质;最后,受中医学的影响,传统医患伦理强调医患共同为健康负责。站在当代医学文化和医疗实践背景之下,既要看到传统医患伦理中熠熠生辉的内容,也要注意其与现代医患伦理的不同之处。 　　关键词:医患 医患伦理 医患关系 On Chinese Traditional Doctor-Patient Ethics Abstract:Chinese traditional doctor-patient ethics is divided into physician ethics and patient ethicsfrom the content point of view. It has three features as follows: firstly, the traditional doctor-patientethics is formed on the basis of the traditional concept of human theory and medical morality withstrong humanism and spirit of benevolence; secondly, influenced by Confucian ethics, the traditionaldoctor-patient relationship is a kind of human relations, which demonstrates a high degree of interestconsistency between the doctor and the patient. The spiritual essence of it is represented by the con-cept of benefiting others as well as yourself; finally, under the influence of Chinese medicine, tradi-tional doctor-patient ethics emphasizes that the doctor and the patient take joint responsibility for thehealth. Under the background of contemporary medical culture and medical practice, the essence inthe traditional doctor-patient ethics should be taken, while the difference between traditional and mod-ern doctor-patient ethics should be noted. 　　Key words:doctor-patient; doctor-patient ethics; doctor-patient relationship 中国传统医患伦理是中国传统医德思想的重要组成部分,同时,当代医疗活动中医患关系也是日益引发民众关注的问题。因此,对中国传统医患伦理进行解析不仅具有理论价值,还具有现实意义。本文拟对中国传统医患伦理做一初步解析,通过这一解析,不仅期望能为当代医患关系的改善提供可资借鉴的思想资源,也为进一步研究中国传统医德思想提供程序上的准备。 　　一、中国传统医患伦理的内容在中国医德史上,早期的医患关系,主要是以“巫”与病患为代表的,因为“巫”在古代文化中被视为具有某种“神力”,所以,早期的医患关系属于“神与人”的模式。西周时期,随着医巫逐渐分离,现代意义上的医患关系才得以产生,医患伦理也才随之出现。从内容上看,传统医患伦理涉及医家伦理和病家伦理两个部分。 　　1.医家伦理(1)胞以为怀、易地以观的待患之心　在传统医患交往过程中,医家面对患者的态度可以概括为“胞以为怀”、易地以观。孙思邈对此有过较为集中的表述:“凡大医治病,必当安神定志,无欲无求,先发大慈恻隐之心,誓愿普救含灵之苦”[1];“若有疾厄来求救者……皆如至亲之想……见彼苦恼,若己有之,身心凄怆”[2]。要求面对患者时应怀有“恻隐之心”和救人疾苦的关爱情感,在这种情感的影响下,医家为患者救治疾病自然能专心、尽力。因为医学职业本身具