紫外线辐射对小麦和燕麦竞争性平衡的影响.pdf

第 19 卷第 5 期 环 　境 　科 　学 　学 　报 Vol . 19 ,No . 5 1999 年 9 月 AC TA SCIEN T IA E CIRCU M STAN T IA E Sept . ,1999 紫外线辐射对小麦和燕麦竞争性平衡的影响 ———小麦和燕麦生物量结构与冠层结构 ( ) 岳 　明　王勋陵 　西北大学生物系 ,西安 　7 10069 摘要 　在模拟 15 %臭氧层减薄条件下讨论了紫外线辐射增强对大田中小麦和燕麦在单独种植与混合种植时的生物量结构 和冠层结构的影响. 紫外辐射使两物种的生物量减少 ,使节间缩短 ,叶片着生高度下降 ,但使根冠比和单株有效穗数增加. 两 物种在单种和混种时对紫外辐射的反应有所不同,种间竞争有时加强紫外辐射的影响 ,但有时则又能抵消其作用. 紫外辐射 使竞争性平衡向有利于小麦的方向发展 ,这一改变可以部分地由两物种的生物量及冠层结构对紫外辐射反应的不同来解 释. 结果还暗示单独生长的植物对紫外辐射的反应并不能用来预测其在多种群的群落中对紫外辐射的反应和表现. 关键词 　紫外辐射 ;小麦 ;燕麦 ;竞争性平衡 ;生物量结构 ;冠层结构. Eff ect of enhanced ultraviolet radiation on Competitive balance of wheat and oatthe structure of biomass and canopy ( ) YU E Ming ,WAN G Xunling 　Depart ment of Biology ,Nort hwest Universit y ,Xian 73000 ( ) and oat ( ) Abstract 　The st ructure of biomass and canopy of wheat Triticun aestiv u m A vena s ativ a in monoculture and mixture under supplement ary UV radiation (approximately a 15 % ozone layer depletion) were studied . The dry weight ,internode lengt h and leaf insection height were reduced , while t he Root Shoot Ratio ( RST) and eat number s per plant were increased by enhanced UV radiation . The response of t hese t wo species to UV radiation were different bet ween monocilture and mixture . Inter specific competi tion could alter t he effect s of UV radiation on wheat and oat . The competitive balance of t hese t wo species was shifted in favor of wheat by supplement ary UV radiation based upon biomass production . The change of competitive balance could be interpreted partially by t he different mo