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The Tokharians and Buddhism① Xu Wenkan 1.Introduction： twentieth， －Eruopeanlanguages were discovered in northwest China（ ， Gansu） manuscripts were written include Gāndārī，Pahlavī，Sogdian，Parthian， Khotanese，Tumshuqese， Indo-European language， listed above and writ-ten in the Brāhmī language，A andB,have been identified.① üller, “Tokharianin their Nakridi■ ulu■ta toγmi■ Arya■intri bodisvt k■i acari Äntkäktilint[in]…Toχri tilin■ä yaratmïs Il-baliqda toγmï■ Prtanyarak■it k■i a■ari Toχri tilintin Türk tili■ä ävirmi■ Maitri…[si]mit nom bitig.② ：The ācārya■ ■a,③had composed ④in the Twγry language out of theIndian language， ācārya Praj■araksita，who was born in Il-baliq，① Twγry lan-guage into the Turkish language. During the decades that followed， historical，geographical and ethnological issues，and es－pecially its ② ① However， ， and“Tokharian” －tween the sixth and the eighth centuries.However，Tokharian it－self is an ancient Indo－ －tum branch， more closely related to Celtic，German，Italian， languages.②This means that an Indo－ speaking Eastern Iranian（theSatem branch） territory at a very， ，who studied the Kharosthīdocuments unearthed in Niya，Loulan and Shanshan， ③Therefore,the Kuchean.That is to say， ，