智能电网的概念及实现.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * 供电可靠性 There have been five massive blackouts over the past 40 years, three of which have occurred in the past nine years. More blackouts and brownouts are occurring due to the slow response times of mechanical switches, a lack of automated analytics, and “poor visibility” – a “lack of situational awareness” on the part of grid operators. This issue of blackouts has far broader implications than simply waiting for the lights to come on. Imagine plant production stopped, perishable food spoiling, traffic lights dark, and credit card transactions rendered inoperable. Such are the effects of even a short regional blackout. In many areas of the United States, the only way a utility knows there’s an outage is when a customer calls to report it. 能源效率 If the grid were just 5% more efficient, the energy savings would equate to permanently eliminating the fuel and greenhouse gas emissions from 53 million cars. Consider this, too: If every American household replaced just one incandescent bulb (Edison’s pride and joy) with a compact fluorescent bulb, the country would conserve enough energy to light 3 million homes and save more than $600 million annually. Clearly, there are terrific opportunities for improvement. 环境和气候影响 Half of our country’s electricity is still produced by burning coal, a rich domestic resource but a major contributor to global warming. If we are to reduce our carbon footprint and stake a claim to global environmental leadership, clean, renewable sources of energy like solar, wind and geothermal must be integrated into the nation’s grid. However, without appropriate enabling technologies linking them to the grid, their potential will not be fully realized. 全球竞争力 Germany is leading the world in the development and implementation of photo-voltaic solar power. Japan has similarly moved to the forefront of distribution automation through its use of advanced batterystorage technology. The European Union has an even more aggressive “Smar