光纤系统中的偏振效应.pptVIP

第三章 光纤系统中的偏振效应 内容提要 背景介绍 偏振光的表述 琼斯矢量、斯托克斯矢量、帮加球 琼斯矩阵、缪勒矩阵 偏振光在双折射晶体中的传播 光纤系统中的主偏振态(PSP) 光纤系统中的偏振模色散(PMD) 参考书 D S Kliger, J Lewis, and C Randall, “ Polarized Light in Optics and Spectroscopy,” Academic Press, 1990, Chapters 45; S Huard, “Polarization of Light,” John Wiley Sons, 1996. A Yariv and P Yeh, “Optical Waves in Crystals,” John Wiley Sons, 1984, Chapter 5; H Kogelnik, R Jopson, and L Nelson, “Polarization-Mode Dispersion,” Optical Fiber Telecomm IVB, 2002, Chapt 15. Gordon and Kogelnik, “PMD fundamentals,” pnas.org. C Poole and J Nagel, “Polarization effects in lightwave systems,” Optical Fiber Telecom IIIA, I Kaminow and T Koch, Eds. Academic, 1997, pp.114-161. PMD: Polarization Mode Dispersion Origins of PMD I Origins of PMD II Optical Birefringence: Intrinsic Perturbations: Imperfections in the manufacturing process: noncircular core. Extrinsic Perturbations: Lateral stress, bending, or twisting. External environment changes. Evolution of Polarization in Birefringent Fiber Time-Domain PMD Effect in Short Fibers Pulse splitting due to birefringence Differential Group Delay (DGD): group-delay between the slow and fast modes. Beat Length Lb Beat Length: SSMF: Lb~10m, Dn~10-7; PMF: Lb~3mm; Linear length dependence of DGD. DGD for a single beat length: tb=5.2fs@1550nm. Frequency-Domain PMD Effect Output polarization varies with frequency, traces out a circle on the Poincare Sphere. Characteristic Frequency Polarization-Mode Coupling Correlation Length Lc Any polarization state can be observed for a fixed input polarization at large lengths due to random polarization coupling; Assuming px=1 and py=0 at the input, px-py evolves from 1 to 0 at large lengths; Lc as that length where the power difference has decayed to px-py=1/e2; Fiber transmission distance LLc, the fiber is the short-length regime, DGD increases linearly with distance. Fiber transmission distance LLc, the fiber is the long-length regime, DGD increases with the square root of distanc