认知语言学教程.pptVIP

1) Introduction 2) Prototypes and Categories Defining cognitive linguistics Three main approaches of cognitive linguistics References Cognitive Linguistics is the most rapidly expanding school in modern Linguistics. It aims to create a scientific approach to the study of language, incorporating the tools of philosophy, neuroscience and computer science. Cognitive approaches to language were initially based on our experience of the world and the way we perceive and conceptualize it (philosophical thinking about the mind). Be distinguished from a ‘logical’ view of language. Experiential view Prominence view Attention view Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection, a more practical and empirical path should be pursued. For example, Ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences. (a car) The experiential view of words provides a much richer and more natural description of their meanings. Cognitive linguists believe that our shared experience of the world is also stored in our everyday language and can thus be gleaned from the way we express our ideas. The transfer of our experience of well-known objects and events is even more important where abstract categories like emotions is involved. For example, Dad exploded. The prominence view provides one explanation of how the information in a clause is selected and arranged. For Example The car crashed into the tree. The tree was hit by the car. This view is based on the assumption that what we actually express reflects which parts of an event attract our attention. For example The car crashed into tree. Analysing the sentence in terms of attention allocation, the attentional view explains why one stage of the event is expressed in the sentence and why other stages are not. 辛斌. 认知语言学理论的发展、应用及跨学科研究——第四届全国认知语言学研讨会综述 [J].外语研究, 2006(6)