大学英语四六级翻译话题练习4-服饰文化、建筑文化.docxVIP

Translation 【话题7】传统文化类：服饰文化（Dress and Adornment） I. The Development of Chinese Clothing (1) 以下名词均有“衣服、服装”之意，但侧重点不同。 clothes; clothing; garment; attire（服装） ∴clothing designers（服装设计者）；garment makers（服装制作者）； sacrificial attire（祭祀的服装）；court attire（上朝的服装）； mourning attire（丧服）；wedding attire（喜服） robe（礼服、长袍、睡袍，多用在男子或皇族上） gown（长袍、罩袍，多用在女子上） costume（戏剧或电影的戏装、演出服） suit（西装、套装） uniform（制服、军服） dress（礼服、连衣裙） coat（大衣、外套） (2) origin of Chinese clothing In primitive society（原始社会）, the Chinese lived in cave. To keep warm, they covered themselves with natural materials like leaves, grasses and animal furs. About 18,000 years ago, the Chinese invented sewing（针线活）.Animal skins were cut to fit the human body using sharpened stone and bone tools, and then sewn together using bone needles（刺骨针）. (3) development of clothing Zhou Dynasty: garments started taking shape in（成形）, regulating from the royalties down to the commoners. Garments were classified into sacrificial attire（祭祀的服装）, court attire（上朝的服装）, army uniform（军队制服）, mourning attire（丧服）and wedding attire（喜服）. the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period（春秋战国时期）：Wars frequently broke out and various states used visual symbols such as clothing to enhance their strength. the Qin and Han dynasties: the unification（统一）of China; established many social systems in order to distinguish people’s ranks and social positions. the Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern dynasties（魏晋南北朝）: the concepts of clothing design was influenced by mass movements of the population（人口迁移）caused by frequent wars. the Sui dynasty: all poor people had to wear black and blue clothes. the Tang dynasty: clothing was more varied than before because the state was more open to the outside world. Women did not have to abide by（遵守）the traditional dress code. They were allowed to expose their arms and back. the Song dynasty: casual wear appeared; clothes were simple and elegant; it became fashionable for women to bind their feet（缠足）; women were though