中枢神经系统概述.ppt

构成 神经细胞 （神经元 neuron） 神经胶质细胞 （神经胶质 neuroglia） 神经胶质细胞 小胶质细胞 microglia 大胶质细胞 macroglia 星形胶质细胞 astrocyte 髓鞘形成细胞 纤维性星形胶质细胞，白质 原浆性星形胶质细胞，灰质 少突胶质细胞 oligodendrocyte 施万细胞 Glial cell，10～50倍 神经纤维 Nerve fibers 概念二： 纤维束 中枢 神经 外周 突起 髓鞘 myelin sheath 神经膜 无髓纤维 有髓纤维 其他分类 躯体神经纤维 内脏神经纤维 感觉神经纤维 （上行、传入神经） 运动神经纤维 （下行、传出神经） 分布对象 传导方向 内脏运动神经纤维 内脏感觉神经纤维 躯体感觉神经纤维 躯体运动神经纤维 组成 神经纤维 Free Nerve Endings. The majority of somatosensory receptors are free (naked) nerve (axon) endings. They can be sensitive to tissue damage, and are thereby detectors of painful stimuli (nociceptors). They are also responsive to temperature, itch and tickle. Pain information travels centrally in the spinothalamic tract (see next chapter). The free axon endings shown in the epithelial papillae of the tongue are stained immunocytochemically for calcitonin gene-related peptide; pre-terminal axons can be seen in the submucosa. * Pacinian Corpuscles. These are rapidly adapting receptors sensitive to vibration. The free nerve ending is surrounded by a multi-layered capsule. This cross section shows two Pacinian corpuscles with NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor) immunoreactivity in their capsule cells and weaker staining inside. The nerve terminal in the center is stained only weakly or not at all. Information from Pacinian corpuscles travels centrally in the posterior column-medial lemniscus system. * Meissner Corpuscle. This is another kind of complex rapidly adapting receptor. It is responsive to light touch. The one shown here is immunoreactive for NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor). Most complex receptors have strong NGFR immunoreactivities, especially in their capsule cells. Information from these receptors travels centrally in the posterior column-medial lemniscus system. * 神经系统 概述 功能简述 组成 常用术语。 活动方式：反射、反射弧。 控制和调节各器官系统。 维持机体与外环境的统一。 功能 神经系统 概述 功能简述 组成和构成 神经系统的常用术语。 活动方式：反射、反射弧。 大脑 中脑 间脑 脑桥 延髓 小脑 脊髓 颈丛 臂丛 胸神经 神经节 腰丛 骶丛 组成 中枢神经系统 Central Nervous System 周围神经系统 Peripheral Nervous System 脑 brain、e