传统乡规民约的历史反思及其当代启示-中国社会学网.PDF

中国农史（Agricultural History of China) 2010.4 传统乡规民约的历史反思及其当代启示 ——— 乡村精英、 国家政权和农民互动的视角 1, 2 1 党晓虹 樊志民 （1.西北农林科技大学人文学院，陕西杨凌712100 ； 2.澳大利亚墨尔本大学土地与环境学院资源管理系，Parkville,vic.3010） 【摘 要】 乡规民约是乡村治理的一种重要方式。 传统乡规民约是在乡村精英、 国家政权和农民三方力量博弈和互 动中不断向前发展演变的。 乡村精英阶层是乡规民约的倡导者、制定者和执行者，国家政权是乡规民约的监督者和制度 保障者，而广大农民则是乡规民约的主要施受对象，是决定乡规民约能否顺利贯彻实施的主要力量。 只有保证它们三者 之间的良性互动关系和正确的角色分配，特别是确保农民阶层在乡规民约制定、实施过程中话语权和参与权的实现，才 能保证当代乡规民约良性发展和有效实施。 【关键词】 传统乡规民约；国家政权；乡村精英；农民 【中图分类号】S- 09；K03 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1000- 4459（2010）04- 0100- 06 The Historical Reflection and Modern Inspiration of the Traditional Village Regulations and Rules ———the interactive relationship between village elites, state and peasants DANG Xiao-Hong 1，2 FAN Zhi-min 1 （1.College of Humanities, Northwest Agriculture Forestry University, Yang ling 712 100； 2.Department of Resources Management and Geography, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia） Abstract: As an important way of village control, the traditional village regulations and rules evolved and developed continually in the interaction between village elites, governments and peasants. Within this sys- tem, these three powers played different roles. Village elites were advocators, constitutors and executants of these rules, the governments of the different levels were supervisors and supporters of them, and the peasants determined whether or not these tradition rules were successful. So, we should ensure smooth relationship and correct allocation of rules between them, especially ensure the peasants ’right of speaking and participating in the villager regulations and rules in order to ensure a healthy development