物流管理课件-EOQ模型、报童模型、惠普案例、库存管理.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * Click to edit Master text styles LOGO LOGO Hewlett-Packard Co. Deskjet Printer Supply Chain Pp207-213, pp223-224 Vancouver (温哥华) Supply Chain Characteristics(供应链的特征) Supplier Supplier Supplier IC Mfg PCAT Print Mech Mfg FAT Supplier US DC European DC Far East DC Customer Customer Customer Material SS JIT Pull-mode Stockless Supply Chain Characteristics (供应链特征续) DC Three DCs: US, European, Far East (3个配送中心) Make-to-stock = maintain high availability (按库存生产) Esp. European DC and Far East DC (far from factory) Inventory = forecasted sales + safety stock (库存=预测+安全) Management stress: DC’s role is as warehouse (管理的压力DC仅仅是一个仓库) Simple, standardized process. (简单以及标准化的流程) No MRP, BOM or component procurement labor. (没有MRP/BOM以及部件采购工作) Happen at European DC (在欧洲的DC发生) Inventory level (库存水平) Some models too many while some stock-out (一些模型过多而另外一些模型缺货) Service level (顾客服务水平) Desire high level of product availability (要求比较高的库存水平) i.e. keep higher inventory level Supply Chain Characteristics (供应链特征续) The Inventory/Service Crisis (库存/服务危机) Poor forecast system (预测系统差) The forecast errors especially alarming in Europe (欧洲的预测误差特别大) Quite common of product shortage from some countries when other models kept piling up (一些模型的产品短缺而另外一些则过剩) Improper safety stock calculation (不正确的安全库存计算) In the past, rule of thumb (过去靠掰手指) Now, difficult to get accurate forecast = Need to revisit (很难获取准确的预测) The Inventory/Service Crisis (库存/服务危机) Long lead time (提前期长) 4 to 5 weeks to ship the printers to Europe and Asia (通常需要4-5周的时间把打印机运往欧洲以及亚洲) Inventory imbalance (库存的不平衡) Wide variety of models and localized inventory (多样化的模型以及本地化的库存) Difficult to forecast the demand for the varied products (很难预测多样化产品的需求) Change to air shipment (改用空运) Build a European factory (在欧洲建立一个工厂) Hold more inventory (存有更多库存) Better forecasts (更好地预测) Unidentified alternative: postponement strategy (在没有意识到的方案，延迟差异化策略) Postponing the task of differentiating a product for a