国际贸易课件第二章.pptVIP

Chapter 2 第二章 World Trade: An Overview 世界贸易概览 Preview 预览，本章内容概要 Largest trading partners of the United States 美国的最大贸易伙伴 Gravity model (引力模型): influence of an economy’s size on trade (经济规模对贸易的影响) distance and other factors that influence trade (影响贸易的距离和其他因素) Borders and trade agreements (边界和贸易协定) Globalization: then and now (全球化：当时和现在) Changing composition of trade (正在变化的贸易结构) Service outsourcing (服务外包) Who Trades with Whom? 谁和谁贸易？ The 5 largest trading partners with the U.S. in 2008 were Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany. 2008年美国的5大贸易伙伴：加拿大、中国、墨西哥、日本及德国。 The total value of imports from and exports to Canada in 2008 was about $550 billion dollars. 2008年从加拿大进口和出口的总价值是5千5百亿美元。 The largest 15 trading partners with the U.S. accounted for 69% of the value of U.S. trade in 2008. 2008年美国的15大贸易伙伴占美国贸易总值的69%。 Fig. 2-1: Total U.S. Trade with Major Partners, 2008 图2-1：2008年美国与主要贸易伙伴的总贸易额 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce 来源：美国商务部 Size Matters: The Gravity Model 规模问题：引力模型 3 of the top 10 trading partners with the U.S. in 2008 were also the 3 largest European economies: Germany, U.K., and France. 美国2008年排前十的贸易伙伴中的三个也是最大的3个欧洲国家：德国、英国和法国 These countries have the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in Europe. 这些国家在欧洲有最大的国内生产总值。 GDP measures the value of goods and services produced in an economy. GDP测量一个经济体生产的货物和服务总价值。（最终产品和服务，一般为一年） Why does the U.S. trade most with these European countries and not other European countries? 为什么美国的大部分贸易是和这些欧洲国家进行的而不是其他的欧洲国家？ Size Matters: The Gravity Model (cont.) 规模问题：引力模型 （续） In fact, the size of an economy is directly related to the volume of imports and exports. 实际上，一个经济体的规模直接与进口量出口量相关。 Larger economies produce more goods and services, so they have more to sell in the export market. 更大的经济体生产更多的商品和服务，所以他们有更多的商品和服务出口到市场。 Larger economies generate more income from the goods and services sold, so they are able to buy more imports. 更大的经济体通过卖商品和服务产生更多的收入，因此能买更多的进口商品。 Fig. 2-2: The Size of European Economies, and the Value of Their Tr