服制与礼俗——周代妇女“三从”的礼仪符号及制度展现.pdfVIP

2015 年9 月 妇女研究论丛 Sept. 2015 第5 期 总第131 期 Collection of Women 爷s Studies No.5 Ser.No.131 服制与礼俗* ———周代妇女“三从”的礼仪符号及制度展现 王小健 （大连大学 历史学院，辽宁 大连 116622） 关键词：三从；斩衰；象征符号；父系继嗣；性别制度 摘 要：妇女“三从”的提法最早见于《仪礼·丧服》传中。“未嫁从父，既嫁从夫，夫死从子”是作传者对既嫁妇女为什么为夫 服斩而不为父服斩的解释性说明，从现代学术眼光看已经略带符号学意义。由此开始，我们以妇女“三从”为中心，分析丧服制和 婚姻礼俗所隐含的象征意义，能更清楚地观察礼仪符号所反映的群体结构、组织原则和价值，以及这些规范因素与个体情感之 间通过仪式形成的互动。在仪式符号的构建和传承过程中，妇女“三从”的象征意义不断地被复制，成为人们的生活经验并指导 他们的行为，从而形成内化于心的性别制度。 中图分类号：K225.04 文献标识：A 文章编号：1004-2563（2015 ）05-0064-08 WANG Xiao-Jian (SchoolofHistory,Dalian University,Dalian 116622,LiaoningProvince, China) Three Obediences; deceased husband; symbol; patrilineal descent; gendered system Womens Three Obediences, namely, obedience to the father before marriage, obedience to the husband after marriage and to the son after the husbands death, first appeared in the Book of Ceremony and Ritual: Mourning. This book explained why married women should wear mourning for their deceased husbands but not for their deceased fathers; such explanation is filled with symbolism from a modern scholarly perspective. From the Three obediences to the symbolisms embedded in clothing at the time of mourning and wedding, one could even clearly observe the group structure and organizational principles and values that were reflected through the symbols of rituals as well as the interaction between these principal factors and individual emotions at the time of ceremony. Wom- ens Three obediences were reproduced in the process of reconstruction of the symbols of rituals from generation to generation; such reproduction became pa