课件：CRR管路管理与护理.ppt

* * This slide illustrates the process of ultrafiltration. We now have two cups of fluid. Each cup contains two compartments separated by a semipermeable membrane. The cup on the left illustrates how the exertion of a positive pressure on the left compartment will PUSH fluid from that compartment to the one on the right. Similarly, looking at the cup on the right side of the slide, a negative pressure applied to the right compartment will PULL fluid from the compartment on the left into that on the right. How does this work in continuous therapies? * This schematic represents a hemofilter (hemodialyzer). Note that there is a semipermeable membrane separating the blood and fluid compartments. Blood exerts a positive pressure on the membrane as it passes from the patient, through the filter, and returns back to the patient. On the fluid side of the filter, a low pressure exists. It is the combination of these positive and negative pressures that together make up the transmembrane pressure (TMP). By adjusting the TMP we can regulate the amount of ultrafiltrate removed. The higher the pressure gradient, the more fluid removed. * Diffusion is defined as…. Read slide. Dialysis and hemofiltration techniques use a semipermeable membrane (the filter) through which solutes diffuse selectively based on particle size as blood passes through the filter. Solutes are defined as any substance that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution. In reference to diffusion and CRRT, solutes are waste products, electrolytes, buffers, etc. * To illustrate the principle of diffusion, picture a cup of water as seen here on the slide. In the cup on the left, a quantity of salt is poured. The salt gradually diffuses through the water from the high salt concentration area to the low salt concentration area until it is evenly distributed. A uniformly salty solution is created as seen in the cup on the right. * In CRRT therapies, hemodialysis is defined as…. Read the slide. We w