审级制度的建构原理——从民事程序视角的比较分析-北大法意.PDFVIP

审级制度的建构原理——从民事程序视角的比较分析 作者：傅郁林 作者单位：北京大学法学院 出处：中国社会科学 2002 年第4 期 内容摘要：当代世界三大诉讼模式的审级制度沿着不同发展脉络，不约而同地汇入三级结构， 其中蕴藏着一些共同原理，比如终审法院规模控制、上下级法院职能分层和权力双向制约、 划分事实问题与法律问题、当事人权利事项与法官裁量事项界线分明，等等。这些技术规范 的运用很大程度上决定了司法制度能否实现其统一性、正确性、正当性、终局性和权威性等 价值目标。相比之下，中国现行审级制度的形成和演变受制于特定政治、经济、文化、历史 背景，在技术原理上呈现为审级功能层次不明、运作方式大致相同的柱型结构。这种结构在 职权主义诉讼模式中面临一系列技术困境，造成滥用审判权和滥用诉权行为的双重失控，加 之时代变迁和司法正当性基础的嬗变，突显了两审终审制的原有缺陷，成为申诉、再审案件 大幅上升的重要原因。最后，作者对中国建立有限三审制设想将面临的多方面困难进行了定 性的预测。 关键词：审级;上诉;司法;民事程序 Constructive Principles of Judicial Hierarchy --A Comparative Survey in Perspective of Civil Procedure The three categories of judicial structure found in today’s world ，appeal ， revision and cassation ，developed in different ways before finally conforming broadly to a “three-level hierarchy”. Some similar principles conceived in the structure of judicial hierarchy affected this course ，e. g. ，control of scale of the courts of last resort ，the functional division among three judicial tiers ， reciprocal checks of judicial authorities among three levels ，the demarcation of factual issues from legal issues as well as jurisdictional and discretionary issues. These technical principles were decisive for judicial hierarchy to achieve ideals of doctrinal coherence ，correctness ，justification ，finality and authority. In contrast to general judicial structures and principles ，China’s current judicial hierarchy structure is characterized by a pillar/column structure ，without functional division among different levels ，and with similar operational style. This kind of hierarchy was formed and developed against China’s special historical ， political ，economical and cultural background. And it is now facing a series of technical dilemmas ， especially in regard to Chinese traditional “super-inquisitorial procedure ，”which leads to abuse of judicial authority on one hand ，and abuse of legal capacity to sue on the