兽医产瘤科学3.pptVIP

* * * * A. Oocyte immediately after ovulation, showing the spindle of the second meiotic division. B. A spermatozoon has penetrated the oocyte, which has finished its second meiotic division. Chromosomes of the oocyte are arranged in a vesicular nucleus, the female pronucleus. Heads of several sperm are stuck in the zona pellucida. C. Male and female pronuclei. D and E. Chromosomes become arranged on the spindle, split longitudinally, and move to opposite poles. F. Two-cell stage. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Animation of Acrosome Reaction * * 2011 Events in Fertilization 1 2 3 4 5 6 3. The Acrosomal Reaction -this binding causes the vitelline membrane to begin to break down - the acrosomal process elongates further and binds with the sperm binding receptors * * 2011 Events in Fertilization 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. Membrane fusion - membranes of the sperm and egg fuse - causes depolarization of the membrane which turns off the sperm binding receptors - fast block to polyspermy * * 2011 去极化 Events in Fertilization 1 2 3 4 5 6 5. Sperm nucleus and beginning of cortical reaction - fusion of membranes causes an increase in Ca++ release - Ca++ release causes cortical granules to fuse with egg’s plasma membrane and empty contents into perivitelline space - slow block to polyspermy - sperm nucleus enters egg cytoplasm * * 2011 Calcium (Ca++) Distribution * * 2011 Events in Fertilization 1 2 3 4 5 6 6. Continuation of Cortical Reaction and Activation of Egg - conversion of vitelline layer into fertilization membrane increase in cellular respiration and protein synthesis in egg (egg activation) * * 2011 Events in Fertilization in Mammals zona pellucida follicle cells Differences - zona pellucida hardens - entire sperm (head + tail) enters egg * * 2011 Summary of Events in Fertilization in Sea Urchins Sperm approaches contacts egg’s jelly coat Hydrolytic enzymes released from spe