behaviour and culture 19-行为与文化impacts of ... - ohlearning.pptVIP

BASIC PRINCIPLES IN OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE职业卫生基本原则 Day 5 第5天 19 – BEHAVIOUR AND CULTURE19-行为与文化 Impacts of Behaviour in Occupational Hygiene行为对职业卫生的影响 Worker behaviour has an important influence on exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace. 职工行为对接触工作场所的危险因素有着重要的影响。 Using contaminated tools. 使用污染工具。 Using soiled personal protective equipment (PPE). 使用已污染的个人防护装备（PPE）。 Poor housekeeping, working untidily or not cleaning up after work. 管理不善、工作不整洁、完工后清洁不当 Failing to use PPE properly when needed. 未能在需要的时候适当使用PPE。 Unhygienic behaviour such as failing to remove protective clothing and wash hands before a meal break. 行为不卫生，诸如未能在就餐前脱下防护服、清洁双手。 Failing to switch on a ventilation system. 未能打开通风系统。 Handling a material vigorously instead of carefully. 未能谨慎处理材料。 Swiss Cheese model of accident prevention事故预防的“起司模式” 危险 工程 系统 行为 事故 Motivation and Behaviour Modification动机和行为矫正 Antecedents - Behaviour - Consequences (A - B - C) model 前因-行为-后果（A - B - C）模式 Antecedents create the initial motivation to act. 前因是行动的初始动机。 Behaviour is the observable act. 行为是可见的行动。 Consequences are what happens after the behaviour. 后果是实施行为后的结果。 Behavioural Intervention行为干预 A behavioural intervention can be planned in three distinct stages as follows: 行为干预可分为三个阶段，见下文： Motivation: Firstly it is necessary to motivate individuals in order to get them to want to change their behaviour. 1. 激励：激励对象，让对象自发想要改变自己的行为。 Instigation: Once people are motivated they need to be supported to enable them to change behaviour. 2. 支持：一旦对象受到激励，需要对其提供支持，帮助其改变行为。 Maintenance: When a behaviour has been changed efforts need to be made to ensure that it doesn’t revert back. 3. 保持：一旦行为改变后，需要努力保持，确保不会旧病复发。 Health and Safety Culture (1)健康与安全文化 (1) When a pattern of behaviour becomes widespread in an organisation it can be described as the organisational culture. 如组织中某种行为模式普遍存在，该种行为模式则视为组织文化。 Culture can be a nebulous concept – a simple definition is “how we do things around here”. 文化是模糊的概念，