天文知识普及讲座3.ppt

月球、行星观测 观测内容：行星、卫星及光环 时间：夜晚，行星大距或冲日 器材：折反射望远镜 记录：文字、摄影及绘图 深空天体观测与星野摄影 观测内容：深空天体（星云、星团、星系等） 时间：夜晚 器材：双筒、折射望远镜 记录：文字、摄影 室内探索：NEAT或SOHO彗星 NEAT:近地小行星搜索及跟踪计划。 SOHO彗星：过分析SOHO探测卫星拍摄的照片而发现的彗星。 前者难度较高而后者竞争激烈。 * * The largest refractor telescope built is the one at Yerkes Observatory，installed in 1897. It has an objective 1.02 meters (40 inches) across at one end of a 19.2-meter (63 feet) tube. * Newtonian telescope is a particularly popular design for smaller reflecting telescopes, such as those used by amateur astronomers. Astronomers may choose to work on a rear platform where they can use equipment, such as a spectroscope, that is too heavy to hoist to the prime focus. In this case, light reflected by the primary mirror toward the prime focus is intercepted by a smaller secondary mirror, which reflects it back down through a small hole at the center of the primary mirror. This arrangement is known as a Cassegrain telescope (after Guillaume Cassegrain, a French lensmaker). A third, much smaller, mirror then reflects the light into an environmentally controlled laboratory. Known as the coudé room (from the French word for bent), this laboratory is separate from the telescope itself, enabling astronomers to use very heavy and finely tuned equipment that could not possibly be lifted to either the prime focus or the Cassegrain focus. The light path to the coudé room lies along the axis of the telescopes mount—that is, the axis around which the telescope rotates as it tracks objects across the sky—so that the light path does not change as the telescope moves. * * This slide shows the optical telescope assembly components. Note the orientation of the mirrors, fine guidance sensors, baffles, star tracker and science instruments. * This chart depicts the launch and deployment of Hubble. It provides a better graphic than the previous slides. * This slide depicts the light path to the mirrors. * Embargoed color-composite image courtesy of Larry Sromovsky (University of W