南开大学结构化学精品课件-第1章.pdfVIP

光光 ++ -- 电子电子 真空石英管真空石英管 VV AA 第一章： 量子力学基础 The Foundation of Quantum Mechanics Nankai University 《结构化学》第一章量子力学基础 §1.1 旧量子论(The Old Quantum Theory) 1.1.1 经典物理学(Classical Mechanics) 十九世纪末期，经典物理学 “完美”的理论 机械运动→牛顿(Newton )力学 电磁现象和光→麦克斯韦尔(Maxwell)方程 热现象→热力学和统计物理学(Boltzmann Gibbs) “The more important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have all been discovered, and these are now so firmly established that the possibility of their ever being supplanted in consequence of new discoveries is exceedingly remote Our future discoveries must be looked for in the sixth place of decima” Albert. A. Michelson(迈克耳逊) speech at the dedication of Ryerson Physics Lab, U. of Chicago 1894 “Thereis nothing new to be discovered in physics now. All that remains is more and more precise measurement” - Kelvin, Lord William Thomson Albert A. Michelson became the first American to receive a Nobel Prize in physics, 1907 Nankai University 《结构化学》第一章量子力学基础 开尔文勋爵1900年4月27 日(in the meeting of the Royal Institution of Great Britain) 宣告物理学的大厦已经建成，以后只需对这座大厦作点小小的修补工作 就行了；另一方面他又认为 “动力学理论断言热和光都是运动的方式，可是 现在，这种理论的优美性和明晰性被两朵乌云遮蔽得黯然失色了” ... The beauty and clearness of the dynamical theory, which asserts heat and light to be modes of motion, is at present obscured by two clouds. The first came into existence with the undulatory theory of